Table 2.

Clinical and pathological characteristics of our case and similar cases reported by multiple facilities.

First author	Age Sex	Primary disease Drugs Cycle	Symptoms/ timing of onset	Imaging findings of bile ducts (1)Dilatation (2)Thickening wall (3)Irregular Narrowing	Pathological findings (1) CD8+ T cell infiltration	Treatment	Improve
Noda[15]	57 F	NSCLC(Ad) Nivolumab 7 cycles	Fever Abdominal pain/7 mo after stopping ICI	[AUS] (1)+ (2)+ [CT] (1)+ (2)+ (3)+ [MRCP] (1)+ (3)+ [EUS] (1)+ (2)+ [ERCP] (1)+ (2)+	N/A	UDCA	+
Kono[16]	69 F	GC Nivolumab 2 cycles	Jaundice/2 mo after stopping ICI	[AUS] (1)+ [CT] (1)+ [MRCP] (1)+ [EUS] (1)+ [ERCP] (1)+ (3)+	N/A	Antibiotic Therapy Endoscopic Intervention	+
Ogawa[17]	73 M	Melanoma Pembrolizumab 7 cycles	None/continuing ICI	[CT] (1)+ (2)+ [EUS] (1)+ (2)+ (3)+ [ERCP] (1)+ (2)+ (3)+	[Bile duct] (1)+ Destruction with fibrosis	Discontinue ICI	+
Koya[18]	66 F	SCLC Pembrolizumab 5 cycles	Epigastric pain/continuing ICI	[AUS] (1)+ [CT] (1)+ (2)+ [MRCP] (1)+ (3)+ [EUS] (1)+ (2)+ [ERCP] (1)+ (3)+	[Liver/ portal area] (1)+ Bile ductular proliferation Cholestatic changes Canalicular bile plugs [Bile duct] (1)+	UDCA Bezafibrate mPSL to PSL	−
Our case	64 M	NSCLC(Sq) Nivolumab 11 cycles	Left abdominal pain/4 mo after stopping ICI	[AUS] (1)+ [CT] (1)+ (3)+ [MRCP] 1st: (1)+ 2nd: (1)+ (3)+ [EUS] (2)+ [ERCP] (1)+	[Liver] (1)+ Bile ductular proliferation Cholestatic changes [Bile duct] (1)+	UDCA PSL MMF TAC	−

Ad = adenocarcinoma, AUS = abdominal ultrasound, CT = computed tomography, ERCP = endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, EUS = endoscopic ultrasonography, GC = gastric cancer, ICI = immune checkpoint inhibitor, MMF = mycophenolate mofetil, mPSL = methylprednisolone, MRCP = magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer, PSL = prednisolone, SCLC = small cell lung cancer, Sq = squamous cell carcinoma, TAC = tacrolimus, UDCA = ursodeoxycholic acid.