Table 2.
Meta-analysis results of secondary outcomes.
| Studies | Sample | MD/SMD (95% CI) | Heterogeneity test | |||
| Outcomes | (N) | size (N) | P | I2 (%) | P | |
| Comparison between GLP-1 RA versus metformin | ||||||
| AG | 6 | 329 | MD –3.54 (–5.65––1.43) | .98 | 0 | .001 |
| SHBG | 5 | 304 | SMD 0.03 (–0.20–0.25) | .99 | 0 | .80 |
| FAI | 5 | 304 | SMD 0.07 (–0.16–0.30) | .53 | 0 | .54 |
| AD | 3 | 80 | SMD 0.06 (–0.38–0.50) | .53 | 0 | .79 |
| DHEAS | 5 | 171 | SMD –0.07 (–0.37–0.23) | .79 | 0 | .64 |
| FBG | 3 | 248 | SMD –0.02 (–0.27–0.23) | 1 | 0 | .85 |
| FINS | 3 | 248 | SMD –0.26 (–0.72–0.19) | .08 | 60 | .26 |
| TC | 5 | 302 | SMD 0.06 (–0.17–0.28) | .85 | 0 | .63 |
| TG | 4 | 277 | SMD 0.08 (–0.21–0.36) | .30 | 19 | .60 |
| HDL-c | 5 | 302 | SMD –0.12 (–0.36–0.12) | .38 | 4 | .33 |
| LDL-c | 5 | 302 | SMD –0.07 (–0.29–0.16) | .99 | 0 | .56 |
| Comparison between GLP-1 RA + metformin and GLP-1 RA alone | ||||||
| AG | 3 | 93 | MD –4.74 (–11.65–0.13) | .89 | 0 | .18 |
| SHBG | 2 | 71 | SMD 0.36 (–0.11–0.83) | .82 | 0 | .13 |
| FAI | 1 | 28 | SMD –0.03 (–0.77–0.71) | .94 | ||
| AD | 2 | 65 | SMD –0.75 (–1.26––0.25) | .71 | 0 | .05 |
| DHEAS | 2 | 50 | SMD –0.18 (–0.74–0.37) | .81 | 0 | .51 |
| FBG | 1 | 43 | SMD –0.58 (–1.19–0.03) | .06 | ||
| FINS | 1 | 43 | SMD 0.35 (–0.25–0.96) | .25 | ||
| TC | 2 | 50 | SMD –0.50 (–1.06–0.07) | .84 | 0 | .08 |
| TG | 1 | 28 | SMD –0.37 (–1.12–0.38) | .33 | ||
| HDL-c | 2 | 50 | SMD –0.09 (–0.98–0.81) | .11 | 60 | .85 |
| LDL-c | 2 | 50 | SMD –0.47 (–1.03–0.09) | .90 | 0 | .10 |
AD = androstenedione, AG = abdominal girth, DHEA-S = dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, FAI = free androgen index, FBG = fasting blood glucose, FINS = fasting insulin, HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SHBG = sex hormone-binding globulin, TC = total cholesterol, TG = triglyceride.