Table 2. Cardiac hemodynamic parameters in all groups of rats.

Group	LVSP (mm Hg)	LVEDP (mm Hg)	HR (bpm)	+dp/dt (mm Hg/s)	-dp/dt (mm Hg/s)
Control	115.41±15.16	6.16±0.63	294.45±30.01	4497.45±340.56	2768.57±312.08
Sham	112.15±10.24	7.75±0.82	276.81±35.07	4167.61±486.43	2506.34±401.07
HF	57.16±6.01*	24.67±2.64*	265.16±26.79	1976.37±204.16*	1046.31±186.19*

Note: *p < 0.05 vs. control rats. # p < 0.05 vs. sham rats. LVSP, left ventricular systolic pressure; LVEDP, left ventricular end diastolic pressure; HR, heart rate; +dp/dt, rate of increase in left ventricular pressure; -dp/dt, rate of decrease in left ventricular pressure.