Table 1.
Characteristics of COVID-19 patients with hypertension with or without ACEi/ARB therapy.
| Characteristic | Non-ACEi/ARB | ACEi/ARB | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 173) | (n = 103) | ||
| Age (years) | 62 (52–68) | 59 (52–67) | 0.450 |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 25.53 (23.52–27.28) | 24.84 (22.58–27.30) | 0.190 |
| Duration from onset to admission (days) | 4 (2–7) | 5 (3–7) | 0.928 |
| Temperatures (°C) | 38.00 (37.50–38.50) | 38.00 (37.40–38.50) | 0.211 |
| Female (%) | 76 (43.93%) | 55 (53.40%) | 0.128 |
| Current smoker (%) | 15 (8.67%) | 9 (8.74%) | 1 |
| Exposure history | |||
| Contact with patients (%) | 91 (52.60%) | 54 (52.43%) | 0.978 |
| Cluster (%) | 31 (17.92%) | 19 (18.45%) | 0.912 |
| From Wuhan (%) | 50 (28.90%) | 34 (33.01%) | 0.473 |
| Symptoms | |||
| Fever (%) | 139 (80.35%) | 79 (76.70%) | 0.472 |
| Cough (%) | 107 (61.85%) | 69 (66.99%) | 0.390 |
| Expectoration (%) | 52 (30.06%) | 25 (24.27%) | 0.300 |
| Sore throat (%) | 15 (8.67%) | 13 (12.62%) | 0.293 |
| Muscle ache (%) | 19 (10.98%) | 10 (9.71%) | 0.739 |
| Fatigue (%) | 43 (24.86%) | 26 (25.24%) | 0.943 |
| Shortness of breath (%) | 19 (10.98%) | 12 (11.65%) | 0.865 |
| Diarrhea (%) | 15 (8.67%) | 6 (5.83%) | 0.485 |
| Sick (%) | 6 (3.47%) | 3 (2.91%) | 1 |
| Headache (%) | 6 (3.47%) | 4 (3.88%) | 1 |
| Coexisting comorbidity | |||
| Cardiovascular diseases (%) | 21 (12.14%) | 5 (4.85%) | 0.055 |
| Diabetes (%) | 32 (18.50%) | 22 (21.36%) | 0.562 |
| COPD (%) | 2 (1.16%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.530 |
| Asthma (%) | 2 (1.16%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.530 |
| Cancer (%) | 6 (3.47%) | 1 (0.97%) | 0.263 |
| Chronic liver disease (%) | 13 (7.51%) | 9 (8.74%) | 0.819 |
| Chronic renal disease (%) | 3 (1.73%) | 3 (2.91%) | 0.674 |
| Chest x-ray/CT findings | 0.520 | ||
| Normal (%) | 12 (6.94%) | 3 (2.97%) | |
| Unilateral pneumonia (%) | 20 (11.56%) | 10 (9.90%) | |
| Bilateral pneumonia (%) | 96 (55.49%) | 59 (58.42%) | |
| Multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity (%) | 45 (26.01%) | 29 (28.71%) | |
| Grade of hypertension | 0.003 | ||
| Grade 1 (%) | 109 (63.01%) | 54 (52.43%) | |
| Grade 2 (%) | 33 (19.08%) | 38 (36.89%) | |
| Grade 3 (%) | 31 (17.92%) | 11 (10.68%) | |
| Severe/critical type on admission (%) | 14 (8.09%) | 10 (9.71%) | 0.663 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L)** | 15.53 (4.54–43.11) | 15.80 (5.42–34.16) | 0.164 |
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
*
21 patients with missing data of BMI.
**
2 patients with missing data of C-reactive protein.