Skip to main content
. 2021 Jun 14;16(6):e0253006. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253006

Table 1. Summary of different fly ash-based geopolymer concrete mixes.

Ref. (Si/Al) (l/b) FA (kg/m3) F (kg/m3) C (kg/m3) SH (kg/m3) SS (kg/m3) (SS/SH) M T (°C) CD (hr.) A (Day) σc (Mpa)
[21] 2 0.35 476 554 1294 48–120 48–120 0.4–2.5 8–14 24–90 8–96 3–94 17–64
[22] 4.3 0.35 334 555–632 1175–1329 58 58 1 13 90 8 7 17–61
[23] 2.2 0.3–0.45 400 830–895 830–895 32–52 85–129 2–3.3 12–18 50 48 7–28 16.36
[25] 2.1 0.45 350–400 505–533 1178–1243 45–52 112–129 2.5 8–16 24 - 3–28 7–41
[27] 2.2 0.5 414 588 1091 69–104 104–138 1–2 10–20 24–60 24 7–28 19–54
[28] 2.1 0.35–0.65 254–420 318–1198 394–1591 25–76 69–165 1.5–3.5 8–16 24–120 6–72 3–28 13–60
[29] 2.0 0.4 400 644 1197 53 107 2 10 24 - 3–56 5–23
[30] 1.8 0.4 394 554 1293 45 112 2.5 8 24 - 7–28 3–18
[31] 2.6 0.65 639 639 959 121 304 2.5 8_12 24 - 7–28 6–32
[32] 3.1 0.5 400 650 1206 50–70 140–154 2–2.75 14 60 168 7–28 30–36
[33] 1.6 0.35 408 647 1202 41 103 2.5 14 24–60 24 28 27–40
[34] 1.9 0.35 408 554 1294 41 103 2.5 8–14 60 24 7 40–64
[35] 1.9 0.35 356–444 554–647 1170–1248 36–44 89–111 2.5 14 60 24 7–28 24–63
[38] 2.1 0.38–0.46 350–400 540–575 1265–1343 38–53 95–132 2.5 16 24–90 24 3–28 2.6–44
[39] 0.4 0.4 350 650 1250 41 103 2.5 8 24–60 24 3–28 6–32
[40] 1.5 0.37 424 598 1169–1197 63 95 1.5 14 70 24 3–96 2–58
[41] 1.9 0.3 670 600 970 80 120 1.5 3–9 50 72 3–7 59–61
[42] 2.4 0.45 298–430 533–590 1243–1377 38–55 96–138 2.5 8–14 10–90 24 3–28 19–43
[55] 1.5–5.1 0.5–0.6 300–500 471–664 1000–1411 42–120 90–215 1.5–2 12–16 70 24 7 16–64
[56] 2.4 0.6 385 601.7 1203 66 165 2.5 12 80 24 3–28 74–81
[57] 1.8 0.45–0.55 300–350 698–753 1048–1131 38–55 96–118 2.5 10 100 24 7–28 26–36
[58] 3.0 0.81 409 686 909 129 204 1.58 15 80 24 28–96 22–27
[59] 2.3 0.4 394 646 1201 45 112 2.5 16 24–60 24 3–28 8–50
[60] 2.6 0.6 400 704 1056 68 171 2.5 10–16 60 24 7–28 25–32
[61] 1.5 0.35 408 554 1294 41 103 2.5 8 24 - 7–28 12–16
[62] 1.5 0.3–0.5 400–475 529–547 1235–1280 34–57 85–142 2.5 14 24 - 7–56 7–44
[63] 1.6 0.6 390 585 1092 67 167 2.5 8–18 24 - 28 23–32
[64] 2.1 0.35–0.38 408 660 1168–1201 41 103 2.5 10–16 24–50 24 28 25–72
[65] 2.8 0.55 356 554.4 1293 43–78 117–152 1.5–3.5 10 60 48 7–28 23–35
[66] 2.4–2.9 0.45 500 575 1150 64 160 2.5 14 24 - 28 44–52
[67] 2.4 0.4 440 723 1085 64 112 1.75 12 60 48 3–28 23–35
[68] 1.9 0.35 408 640–647 1190–1202 41 103 2.5 14–16 60 24 28 42–62
[69] 1.5–3.9 0.7–0.9 412–420 693–706 918–936 39–92 241–342 2.6–8.8 15 80 24 3–96 22–57
[70] 2.5 0.55 310 649 1204 48.86 122 2.5 10 80 24 28–96 44–47
[71] 1.9 0.4 400 651 1209 45 114 2.5 14 24 - 3–96 5–33
[72] 1.9 0.6 450 500 1150 135 135 1 10 40 24 7–96 18–49
[73] 1.7 0.4 400 554 1293 45 113 2.5 14 100 72 3–28 29–45
[74] 1.7 0.4 400 554 1293 45 113 2.5 14 100 72 3–28 29–45
[75] 1.9 0.37–0.4 408 647 1201 62–68 93–103 1.5 14 60 24 28 32–38
[76] 2.3–3.3 0.4 420–440 340–575 660–1127 60–68 150–169 2.5 12 80–120 72 7 21–61
[77] 3 0.35 409 549 1290 41 102 2.5 10 24 - 7–112 10–41
[78] 2.6–2.9 0.5 420 630 1090 60 150 2.5 12 80 24 7 32–41
[79] 2.3 0.5 368 554 1293 52 131 2.5 16 100 24 28 41
[80] 2.1–2.6 0.3 450 788–972 945–972 67 67 1 10 70 24 7–28 25–41
[81] 5.6 0.4 410 530 1044 67 117 1.74 10 24–75 26 7–180 4–36
[82] 2.3 0.45 500 550 1100 64.3 160.7 2.5 14 70 48 28 49.5
[83] 1.9 0.4 400 651–656 1209–1218 40–46 100–114 2.5 14 24 _ 28–90 25–41
[84] 1.7 0.4 400 554 1293 45 113 2.5 14 100 72 3–28 14–36
[85] 2.3 0.35–0.5 327–409 554–672 1201–1294 40–54 108–112 2–2.5 8–16 60 24 28 31–62
[86] 1.6 0.58 380 462 1386 62 156 2.5 10 60 24 28–56 18–23
[87] 1.9 0.4 394 554 1293 45 112 2.5 12 24–60 24 7–28 8–28
[88] 2.1 0.3–0.4 428 630 1170 44–57 114–122 2–2.5 8–14 60–90 24 3–7 20–49
[89] 1.5 0.3 563 732 5994 44 124 2.8 10 75 16 28 3345
[90] 7.7 0.4–0.6 345–394 554 1294 45–83 94–148 1.5–2.5 8–16 24 - 28 7–22
[91] 1.8 0.4 350 483 1081 40 100 2.5 14 24 - 7–28 3–23
[92] 1.7 0.45 436 654 1308 56 140 2.5 8 24 - 3–12 8–18
[93] 2.7 0.45 380 660 1189 48 122 2.5 8 24 - 28 30
[94] 1.6 0.35 500 623 1016 70 105 1.5 14–16 24 - 3–28 7–27
[95] 2.1 0.41 350 645 1200 41 103 2.5 8 24 - 3–56 7–21
Remarks (Ranged are Varies Between) 0.4–7.7 0.25–0.92 254–670 318–1196 394–1591 25–135 48–342 0.4–8.8 3–20 23–120 8–168 3–112 2–64

*(Si/Al) is a (SiO2/Al2O3) ratio of fly ash, (l/b) is the alkaline liquid to binder ratio, (FA) is a fly ash content (kg/m3), (F) is a fine aggregate content (kg/m3), (C) is a coarse aggregate content (kg/m3), (SH) is a sodium hydroxide content (kg/m3), (SS) is a sodium silicate content (kg/m3), (SS/SH) is the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide of the mix, (M) is the molarity (concentration of sodium hydroxide) of the mix, (T) is the curing temperature of the specimens and this is may be ambient curing or heat curing inside an oven (°C), (CD) is the curing duration inside an oven (hr.), (A) is the age of samples at the time of testing (days) and (σc) is the measured compressive strength (MPa).