Comparison 1. Gemcitabine versus saline.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1.1 Time to recurrence	2	734	Hazard Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.77 [0.54, 1.09]
1.2 Time to progression	2	654	Hazard Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.19, 4.71]
1.3 Grade III–V adverse events	2	668	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.26 [0.58, 2.75]
1.4 Time to death from bladder cancer	1		Hazard Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
1.5 Time to death from any cause	2	734	Hazard Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.62 [0.39, 1.00]
1.6 Grade I or II adverse events	2	668	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.13 [0.87, 1.45]
1.7 Time to recurrence (subgroup analysis)	2	543	Hazard Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.49, 1.09]
1.7.1 Low‐grade tumor	2	430	Hazard Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.75 [0.38, 1.46]
1.7.2 High‐grade tumor	2	113	Hazard Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.43, 1.28]