Comparison 4. Gemcitabine versus Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin [BCG] for recurrent (one‐course BCG failure) high‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
4.1 Time to recurrence	1	80	Hazard Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.15 [0.09, 0.26]
4.2 Time to progression	1	80	Hazard Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.45 [0.27, 0.76]
4.3 Grade III–V adverse events	1	80	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.21, 4.66]
4.4 Time to death from bladder cancer	1	80	Hazard Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.04 [0.00, 2.25]
4.5 Grade I or II adverse events	1	80	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.92 [0.48, 1.77]