Table 2.
Summary of Surfactant-Coated Nanoparticles Used in the Field of Food Nanotechnology
| Target | Type of Surfactant | Core Material | Size | Encapsulated Compound | In vitro | In vivo | Main Conclusions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enhancement of stability of encapsulated food components | Polysorbate 20 | Lipid | 10–20 nm | β-carotene | Water | The preparation of lipid nanoparticles coated with polysorbate 20 was optimized by combining the response surface method (RSM) and central composite design (CCD). Furthermore, the β-carotene encapsulated within the nanoparticles was protected from degradation in water. | [418] | |
| Enhancement of stability of encapsulated food components | Polysorbate 80, sorbian monolaurate | Lipid | 235 ± 16 nm | Quercetin | In vitro gastrointestinal tract model | Solid lipid nanoparticles coated with Polysorbate 80 and Span 20 were prepared. Furthermore, quercetin encapsulated in the nanoparticles showed improved release profiles and bioaccessibility under the conditions of the gastrointestinal fluid model and intestine model. | [419] | |
| Enhancement of stability of encapsulated food components | Poloxamer 188 | PLGA | 154 ± 12 nm | Picrorhiza kurroa extract | PBS Buffer | PLA nanoparticles coated with poloxamer 188 were prepared. It showed a sustained release of encapsulated picrorhiza kurroa extracts. | [420] | |
| Enhancement of stability of encapsulated food components | Poloxamer 188 | Chitosan | 414.8 ± 333.8 nm | Epigallocatechin-3-gallate | Water | Succeeded in encapsulating catechin in the chitosan nanoparticles by using poloxamer 188 in the preparation. | [421] | |
| Enhancement of stability of encapsulated food components | Poloxamer 407 | Cocoa butter | 77 nm | Conjugated linoleic acid | Water | Poloxamer 407 coated solid lipid nanoparticles enhanced the oxidative stability of the encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid in water. Conjugated linoleic acid in solid lipid nanoparticles was also found to be more stable for thermal processes such as pasteurization. | [422] | |
| Enhancement of stability of encapsulated food components | Poloxamer 407 | Lipid | Below 200 nm | Lutein | Water | Lipid nanoparticles coated with poloxamer 407 were prepared. The lutein encapsulated within the nanoparticles was protected from degradation in water. The water dispersibility and antioxidant activity of the encapsulated lutein were also increased. | [423] | |
| Enhancement of stability of encapsulated food components | Poloxamer 407 | Lipid | 100–110 nm | Omega-3 fish oil, α-tocopherol | Water | Poloxamer 407 coated solid lipid nanoparticles enhanced the oxidative stability of the encapsulated ω3 fatty acids in water. This effect was further enhanced when α-tocopherol was co-encapsulated. | [424] | |
| Enhancement of stability of encapsulated food components | Sophorolipid | Zein | Around 200 nm | Lutein | Water | Zain nanoparticles coated with sophorolipid were prepared. The lutein encapsulated in the nanoparticles was protected from degradation in water. The water dispersibility of the encapsulated lutein was improved 80-fold compared to the bare lutein group. | [425] | |
| Enhancement of stability of encapsulated food components | Rhamnolipid | Propylene glycol alginate | 228 nm | Curcumin | In vitro gastrointestinal tract model | Curcumin nanoparticles coated with rhamnolipid formed a complex with propylene glycol alginate, which increased the photostability and bioaccessibility of curcumin in an in vitro small intestine model. | [426] | |
| Enhancement of stability of encapsulated food components | Rhamnolipid | Propylene glycol alginate | 135.10 ± 2.87 nm | Coenzyme Q10, Resveratrol | In vitro gastrointestinal tract model | Zein nanoparticles coated with rhamnolipid formed nanoparticle complexes with propylene glycol alginate. Furthermore, coenzyme Q10 and resveratrol encapsulated in the nanoparticles enhanced its stability under the conditions of the in gastrointestinal fluid. | [427] | |
| Elucidation of the intestinal transport mechanism of nanoparticles | Polysorbate 80, poloxamer 188 | Lipid | 247 ± 4 nm | Caco-2 cells | Solid lipid nanoparticles coated with polysorbate 80 and poloxamer 188 were taken up by Caco-2 small intestinal epithelial cells via both the clathrin and cabelaic pathways. Furthermore, the efflux activity of P-gp was inhibited. | [428] | ||
| Increase of the penetration in mucus | Pluronics (P65, F38, P103, P105, F68), poloxamer 407 | PLGA, poly (ε-caprolactone) | Approximately 100 nm | Human mucus model using human cervicovaginal mucus | Surfactant-coated nanoparticles showed a significant increase in dispersion in mucus. Among them, poloxamer 407 was most effective. | [310] | ||
| Increase of bioavailability of food components | Polysorbate 80 | Lipid | 132.9 nm | Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) | In vitro gastrointestinal tract model | Nanostructured lipid carriers coated with polysorbate 80 improved the stability of encapsulated vitamin D3 in the gastric juice. On the other hand, the release of vitamin D3 was observed in the intestinal fluid environment in vitro. | [429] | |
| Increase of bioavailability of food components | Polysorbate 80 | Poly-γ-glutamic acid | Around 50 μm | Indomethacin | Male Jcl:ICR mice (5 weeks of age, oral dose) | Poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles coated with polysorbate 80 increased the AUC by oral administration of encapsulated indomethacin. | [430] | |
| Increase of bioavailability of food components | Polysorbate 80 | Galactosylated PLGA | 150 nm | Resveratrol | Caco-2 cells | Sprague-Dawley rats (220 ± 20 g, oral dose) | Polysorbate 80 coated PLGA nanoparticles enhanced the bioavailability of encapsulated resveratrol. Galactosylation of PLGA further increased its uptake via sodium glucose-binding transporter 1 (SGLT1). | [431] |
| Increase of bioavailability of food components | Poloxamer 407 | Lipid | Below 100 nm | Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) | Male Wistar rats (oral dose) | Poloxamer 407 coated solid lipid nanoparticles showed a stable size distribution of the particles. The bioavailability of vitamin D3 encapsulated in the solid lipid nanoparticles was improved. | [432] | |
| Increase of bioavailability of food components | Poloxamer 407 | Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose | Below 300 nm | Trans-resveratrol | Male Sprague-Dawley rats (oral dose) | Poloxamer 407 coated hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nanoparticles enhanced the oral and transdermal absorption of encapsulated trans-resveratrol. | [433] | |
| Increase of bioavailability of food components | D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate | Curcumin | 12.3 ± 0.1 nm | HT-29 cells, in vitro gastrointestinal tract model | Male Wistar rats (200 ± 20 g, oral dose) | Curcumin nanoparticles coated with D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate released curcumin in the in vitro colon environment and showed toxicity to colon cancer cells. Compared to bare curcumin, localization of curcumin in the colon environment for a longer period of time was confirmed in vivo. | [434] | |
| Increase of bioavailability of food components | Propylene glycol monolaurate (Lauroglycol fcc), caprylocaproyl polyoxyl glycéride (Labrasol) | Curcumin | Below 200 nm | Sprague-Dawley rats (250 ± 20 g, oral dose) | Curcumin nanoparticles covered with lauroglycol fcc (oil) and labrasol (surfactant) were prepared. Compared to the bare curcumin, AUC of curcumin was increased by 7.6 times in nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin in vivo. | [435] | ||
| Increase of bioavailability of food components | Kolliphor HS 15 | Lipid | N/A | Curcumin | Male Sprague-Dawley rats (240–280 g, oral dose) | Kolliphor increased the dispersion of curcumin encapsulated solid lipids in water. Furthermore, it increased the amount of curcumin transferred into the bloodstream via oral administration. | [436] | |
| Increase of bioavailability of food components | Saponin | Curcumin | 52–109 nm | In vitro gastrointestinal tract model | Male Sprague-Dawley rats (260–300 g, oral dose) | Curcumin nanoparticles coated with saponin were prepared. saponin-coated nanoparticles have improved physicochemical stability and storage time. Compared to the bare curcumin, AUC of curcumin was increased by 8.9 times in nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin in vivo. | [437] | |
| Supplements for alleviate Zn deficiency | Poloxamer 188 | Poly (butyl cyanoacrylate) | Approximately 100 nm | Green tea extract, zinc | EBM2 cells | Green tea extract and Zn encapsulated with Poly (butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles and coated with poloxamer 188 were found to have a controlled release of encapsulated Zn ions, antioxidant activity and biocompatibility. | [438] | |
| Enhancement of the nutritional value of dairy products | Poloxamer 188 | Lipid | 243.7 ± 9.46–394.6 ± 4.05 nm | Lipoic acid | Anemia induced rats (oral dose) | Encapsulation of lipoic acid into solid lipid nanoparticles coated with poloxamer 188 enhanced the sustained release of lipoic acid in vitro. Furthermore, it inhibited the decrease in erythrocyte and hemoglobin concentrations in anemia-induced rats. | [439] | |
| Enhancement of antibacterial activity | Polysorbate 80, sodium dodecyl sulfate | Silver | Approximately 26 nm | 10 bacterial strains | Polysorbate 80 and SDS modified silver nanoparticles show a significant increase in antibacterial activity | [348] | ||
| Enhancement of antibacterial activity | Polysorbate 80 | Lipid | 115.6–115.8 nm | Menthol | Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Fungi (Candida albicans) | Menthol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles exerted stronger antimicrobial activity against fungi than bacteria. Menthol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles exerted more efficient against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. | [440] | |
| Enhancement of antibacterial activity | Poloxamer 188 | Lipid | 177.2 ± 3.99 nm | Furosemide silver complex | Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Encapsulation of Furosemide silver complex into poloxamer 188 coated nanoparticles enhanced the sustained release of Furosemide silver complex (sustained release of Ag-FSE for more than 96 h) and significantly improved its antimicrobial effect. | [441] | |
| Enhancement of antibacterial activity | Poloxamer 188 | PLGA | 158 nm | Curcumin | Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus licheniformis | The encapsulation of curcumin into the nanoparticles increased the dispersion of curcumin in water. Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles coated with poloxamer 188 found to have higher in in vitro antimicrobial properties. | [442] | |
| Enhancement of antibacterial activity | Poloxamer 407 | PLGA | Approximately 290 nm | Antimicrobial peptides | Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus | PLGA nanoparticles coated with poloxamer 407 enhanced the antimicrobial activity of the encapsulated peptides by several times. | [443] | |
| Enhancement of antibacterial activity | Poloxamer 407, poloxamer 188 | Silver sulfadiazine | 369 nm | L929 cells, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa | The hydrogel (containing poloxamer 407, 188 and silver sulfadiazine nanoparticles) showed strong antimicrobial activity, while showing low toxicity to fibroblasts. | [444] | ||
| Enhancement of antibacterial activity | Poloxamer 338, poloxamer 407 | Bacterial nanocellulose | Below 10 nm | Octenidine | Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Bacterial nanocellulose nanoparticles modified with Polysorbate 338 and 407 and encapsulated octenidine exhibited high release antimicrobial activity (release of the octenidine for 8 days), resulting in the antimicrobial activity. | [445] | |
| Enhancement of antibacterial activity | Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide | Silver | Below 100 nm | HepG2 cells, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans | Single-chain cationic surfactant stabilized the dispersion of silver nanoparticles and increased their antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity was predominantly lower than that of the surfactant-only group. | [446] | ||
| Enhancement of antibacterial activity and antioxidative activity | Poloxamer 407 | Lipid | 121 nm | Turmeric extract | Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, Candida fungus | Lipid nanoparticles coated with poloxamer 407 protected the encapsulated turmeric extracts from degradation and improved their antimicrobial and antibacterial activity. | [447] | |
| Elucidation of the antimicrobial activity mechanism of nanoparticles | Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether | Selenium | 20-220 nm | Echinodontium taxodii, seeds of Vigna radiate | Selenium nanoparticles coated with cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants differed significantly in their antimicrobial activity and phytotoxicity, respectively. Therefore, surfactants on the surface of the nanoparticles may be involved in the development of various physiological effects. | [448] | ||
| Development of antibacterial biofilm | Curcumin | Selenium | 300-400 nm | Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, L929 cells | Curcumin nanoparticles coated with poloxamer 488 and gelatin (containing silver nanoparticles) showed strong antimicrobial activity, while showing low cytotoxicity to fibroblasts. | [449] | ||
| Improve of shelf life and decontamination of foods | Polysorbate 80 | Lipid | 78.8 ± 5.3 nm | Citral | Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Fungi (Candida albicans) | Citral-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles coated with polysorbate 80 were found to have significantly higher in vitro antimicrobial properties than conventional Citral-loaded emulsions. | [450] | |
| Improve of shelf life and decontamination of foods | Poloxamer 407 | Geraniol | 26-412 nm | Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7 | The geraniol nanoparticles coated with poloxamer 407 showed a sustained release of geraniol for 24 hours and remained antipathogenic effect for a long period of time. Treatment with these nanoparticles resulted in a reduction of pathogens on the surface of spinach. | [451] | ||
| Water treatment | Polysorbate 80 | Silver | 50 nm | Gram-positive bacteria, Gram- negative bacteria | Polysorbate 80 coated silver nanoparticles exhibited anti microbial activity for gram-positive and gram- negative bacteria. | [452] | ||
| Water treatment | Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide | Fe3O4 | 5-10 nm | Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide adsorb antimony on the surface of the nanoparticles, resulting in water purification. | [453] | |||
| Detection of allergens in food | Polysorbate 20 | Ovalbumin antibody-coated sensor chips | White and rose wines | Label free SPR based immunoassay for the sensitive detection of ovalbumin in wine was developed by optimizing the analytical conditions (ionic strength and Tween 20 concentration). | [454] | |||
| Active food packaging | Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide | Palladium | Below 25 nm | Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) films with palladium nanoparticles dispersed in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were prepared. Prepared films showed oxygen scavenging activity and selective permeability (water vapor and limonene). | [455] | |||
| Oil separation from the corn stillage | Polysorbate 80 | Silica | 10-20 nm | Condensed corn distillers solubles | A mixture of polysorbate 80 and silica nanoparticles increased the recovery of corn oil from condensed corn distillers solubles by 5-10%. | [456] |
Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curves; Caco-2 cells, human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells; HT-29 cells, human colon cancer cell line; HepG2 cells, human liver cancer cells; Kolliphor HS 15, polyethylene glycol (15)-hydroxystearate; L929 cells, mouse fibroblast-like cells; PLA, poly lactic acid; PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate; poloxamer, copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene; polysorbate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.