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. 2021 Jun 10;16:4031–4044. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S303529

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Reduction of formation and clearance of bacterial biofilms after BZK nanoparticles treatment. (A) Inhibition of biofilm formation using a 3.33 μg/mL BZK nanoparticles solution. (B) Biofilm surface structure after treatment with 3.33 μg/mL BZK aqueous solution (× 6k magnification), (C) Biofilm surface structure after treatment with a 3.33 μg/mL BZK nanoparticles solution (× 6k magnification) (D) Biofilm formation after treatment with a 5 mg/mL BZK nanoparticles solution. (E) Biofilm surface structure after treatment with 5 mg/mL of BZK in aqueous solution (× 6k magnification) (F) Biofilm surface structure after treatment with a 5 mg/mL BZK nanoparticles solution (× 6k magnification).

Notes: ***p < 0.001 is an extremely significant difference (n =3).