Ozyilmaz 2005.

Study characteristics
Methods	Study design: parallel‐group randomized controlled trial Sample size: 40 Country: Turkey Setting: secondary care hospital Dates conducted: not reported Postoperative opioid used and delivery: PCA morphine Pain score collection: not reported Concurrent postoperative analgesics: none reported
Participants	Inclusion criteria Lumbar microdiscectomy ASA 1 or 2 Aged between 18‐65 years old Exclusion criteria Cardiovascular disease Renal disease Liver disease Asthma Chronic opioid or NSAID use Difficulty communicating
Interventions	Group I (20 participants): IV lornoxicam 8 mg before surgery and saline placebo at closure Group II (20 participants): saline at induction and IV lornoxicam 8 mg before skin closure
Outcomes	Postoperative pain (0‐10 cm VAS at 0, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours) Morphine consumption (mg consumed at 0, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours) Nausea or vomiting (yes/no at 24 hours)
Notes	Funding: not reported Declarations of interest: not reported Authors contacted: yes Other: pain score extracted from graph. Unable to include nausea and vomiting as not composite. Translated from Turkish. No pain at 24 hours so could not include. SD estimated for pain
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details. Quote: "...this study was carried out in a prospective, randomized, double‐blind fashion".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐dummy placebo used. Quote: "Group‐II (n=20, intraoperative group) patients received IV 2 ml saline solution before surgery and 8 mg IV lornoxicam before skin closure".
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No mention
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All participants analysed
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol
Other bias	Low risk	Similar baseline characteristics