Table 3.
Factors Associated with Antibiotic Misuse Among Patients at Kiruddu National Referral Hospital
| Demographics | Antibiotic Misuse | Chi2 Test | Logistic Regression | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | P | cOR | P | aOR (95% CI) | P | |
| Department | |||||||
| Inpatient Department | 18 (21.4) | 36 (28.1) | 0.274 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Outpatient Department | 66 (78.6) | 92 (71.9) | 1.43 (0.75–2.74) | 0.275 | 1.4 (0.71–2.73) | 0.329 | |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 50 (59.5) | 73 (57) | 0.719 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 34 (40.5) | 55 (43) | 0.90 (0.52–1.58) | 0.719 | 0.94 (0.52–1.72) | 0.843 | |
| Age; median, range | |||||||
| 18 to 35 | 42 (50) | 72 (56.3) | 0.671 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 36 to 59 | 33 (39.3) | 44 (34.4) | 1.28 (0.71–2.32) | 0.404 | 1.41 (0.73–2.72) | 0.305 | |
| ≥60 | 9 (10.7) | 12 (9.4) | 1.29 (0.50–3.31) | 0.602 | 1.36 (0.48–3.85) | 0.563 | |
| Religion | |||||||
| Roman Catholic | 26 (31) | 41 (32) | 0.626 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Protestant | 26 (31) | 37 (28.9) | 1.11 (0.55–2.23) | 0.774 | 1.14 (0.55–2.37) | 0.717 | |
| Muslim | 13 (15.5) | 23 (18) | 0.89 (0.39–2.06) | 0.788 | 0.91 (0.38–2.15) | 0.824 | |
| Pentecostal | 14 (16.7) | 21 (16.4) | 1.05 (0.46–2.43) | 0.907 | 0.9 (0.37–2.18) | 0.813 | |
| Seventh day Adventist | 5 (6) | 3 (2.3) | 2.63 (0.58–11.94) | 0.211 | 2.62 (0.55–12.47) | 0.225 | |
| Atheist/None | 0 (0) | 3 (2.3) | NA | NA | |||
| Occupation | |||||||
| Unemployed | 32 (38.1) | 45 (35.2) | 0.674 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Self employed | 29 (34.5) | 47 (36.7) | 0.86 (0.45–1.66) | 0.668 | 0.82 (0.41–1.62) | 0.561 | |
| Employee | 14 (16.7) | 27 (21.1) | 0.73 (0.33–1.60) | 0.433 | 0.71 (0.3–1.7) | 0.444 | |
| Student | 9 (10.7) | 9 (7) | 1.41 (0.50–3.94) | 0.516 | 1.44 (0.44–4.74) | 0.55 | |
| Level of education | |||||||
| None | 6 (7.1) | 8 (6.3) | 0.515 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Primary | 30 (35.7) | 46 (35.9) | 0.87 (0.27–2.76) | 0.812 | 0.76 (0.22–2.64) | 0.664 | |
| Secondary | 26 (31) | 50 (39.1) | 0.69 (0.22–2.21) | 0.536 | 0.68 (0.19–2.42) | 0.548 | |
| Tertiary | 22 (26.2) | 24 (18.8) | 1.22 (0.37–4.08) | 0.744 | 1.12 (0.29–4.23) | 0.871 | |
Note: NA, category not included in the logistic regression model due to insufficient number of observations.
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; cOR, crude odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.