Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants.
| Patients (n = 35) | Controls (n = 37) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male/female) | 11/24 | 17/20 | 0.144a |
| Age (years) | 20.66 ± 2.51 | 21.35 ± 3.16 | 0.593b |
| Years of education (years) | 13.91 ± 2.02 | 14.95 ± 2.11 | 0.607b |
| HAMD-17 | 22.14 ± 6.95 | ||
| HAMA-14 | 25.54 ± 8.20 | ||
| YRMS | 9.26 ± 6.84 | ||
| Blood glucose | 4.09 ± 1.04 | ||
| TG | 1.06 ± 0.92 | ||
| CHOL | 3.88 ± 1.11 | ||
| HDL-C | 1.27 ± 0.40 | ||
| LDL-C | 2.41 ± 0.81 | ||
| Vocabulary learning | 28.36 ± 4.72 | ||
| Story retelling | 13.64 ± 4.48 | ||
| Immediate memory total score | 40.76 ± 10.69 | ||
| Graphic copy | 17.45 ± 2.00 | ||
| Line positioning | 15.85 ± 3.18 | ||
| Visual span total score | 32.32 ± 7.21 | ||
| Picture named | 8.79 ± 0.93 | ||
| Verbal fluency test | 19.94 ± 4.42 | ||
| Verbal function total score | 27.88 ± 6.78 | ||
| Digit span | 14.76 ± 1.79 | ||
| Coding test | 56.97 ± 10.52 | ||
| Attention total score | 69.62 ± 16.56 | ||
| Vocabulary memory | 7.39 ± 1.60 | ||
| Vocabulary recognition | 19.82 ± 0.58 | ||
| Story recall | 7.91 ± 2.51 | ||
| Figure memory | 14.55 ± 3.30 | ||
| Delayed memory score | 48.21 ± 10.27 | ||
| Stroop word | 96.30 ± 20.84 | ||
| Stroop color | 68.42 ± 18.24 | ||
| Stroop color-word | 41.42 ± 8.81 |
aA p value was obtained by a chi-square test. bThe p values were obtained by two-sample t-tests. HAMD-17: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17; HAMA-14: Hamilton Anxiety Scale-14; YRMS: Young Mania Rating Scale.