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. 2021 Jun 14;11:12428. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91985-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic presentation of all the steps involved in genetic modification of sugarcane. (A) Callus for Bombardment. (B) Homemade Biolistic machine. (C) Bombarded Callus after bombardment with DNA-coated tungsten particles. (D) Bombarded callus shifted on selection media with Kanamycime (50 mg/L) after 2 days. (E,F) Transformed callus regenerated on double selection (Kanamycine 50 mg/L + Glyphosate 40 mM) media, (G,H) Regenerated sugarcane plantlets on glyphosate selection media (45 mM), shifting on shoot multiplication media with Kanamycime (50 mg/L) and glyphosate (50 mM) selections. (I) Gus Assay for transgenic plant screening (abcd). (J) Transgenic plants for rooting. (K) Shifting on rooting media without any selection drug. (L,M) Acclimatization: Transgenic sugarcane plantlets in soil pots under green house conditions.