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. 2021 Jun 14;8:140. doi: 10.1038/s41438-021-00568-1

Fig. 1. Effect of pollination/fertilization on mesocarp growth in grapevine.

Fig. 1

A Mesocarp width, inner mesocarp cell length, and mesocarp cell number at 2, 6, 10, and 12 DAP. One-way ANOVA was performed and letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Bars indicate standard error. ns nonsignificant. B Early berry morphology in fruits collected at 2, 6, 10, and 12 DAP. Representative cross-sections observed through light microscopy with toluidine blue stain. Arrow denotes mesocarp width. Scale bars: 100 μm. C VvCYC and VvCDK expression relative to VvUBI1. Bars represent standard error from three biological replicates. Representative pictures of the fruits at the different time points are included. D Pollen tubes in the stigma and carpel, visualized by callose fluorescence at 520 nm, revealed by aniline blue staining. E To monitor the fertilization event, grape embryonic marker Leafy Cotyledon 1 (VvL1L) expression was determined by PCR at 2, 6, and 12 DAP in emasculates non-pollinated flowers (ENP), embryos as positive control, Embr (+), and the negative control (−) (water instead of cDNA for PCR reaction). A 100 pb DNA ladder was used to visualize fragments size (1 kb plus Ladder, Thermo Fisher)