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. 2021 Jun 14;11:12478. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90644-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Overview of significant associations between eating trajectories and metabolic markers and their mediation through body mass index (BMI) at age 12 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, n = 3104). Arrows in upward direction indicate that the metabolic marker is measured to be higher in children with either high and persistent overeating, undereating, or fussy eating compared with children that are not reported by their parents to engage in any of these eating behaviours. A red arrow indicates that the eating behaviour is associated with the higher metabolite independent from the adolescents’ body mass index (BMI) at age 12 years compared to the reference category. Green arrows indicate that the association is mediated through BMI at age 12 years. The blue square indicates remnant cholesterol.