Fig. 6. Food-specific responses during anticipation are maintained in task-based and natural eating settings.

A Topography of response types in the insular/opercular cortex during task-based and natural eating. During eating of a standard meal, a food-specific site (blue electrodes) was defined as a significant difference in HFB time-locked activity between food types near the time that food was about to enter a subject’s mouth, whereas gray electrodes indicate a non-responsive response. During a task, a cue-specific response (red electrodes) was defined as a significant difference between palatable and neutral conditions for either anticipation or receipt of these solutions. Green electrodes (cue-responsive sites) denote significant HFB activity compared to pre-cue baseline activity, but no difference between palatable and taste-neutral conditions. Gray electrodes denote activity was not different from pre-cue baseline activity. Electrodes visualized are from the three subjects shown in Fig. 5. B The probability of a channel being food-specific during eating with and without significant response during task anticipation. Left: Cue-responsive contacts without discriminatory activity during anticipation were not associated with food-specific eating responses. However, the presence of cue-specific activity was significantly associated with the presence of food-specific eating responses. Right: Amongst all electrodes, neither receipt-responsive nor receipt-specific responses were associated with food-specific channels.