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. 2021 Jun 14;11:12495. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90589-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Olive leaf extract prevented gains in body weight and epididymal fat tissue. (A) Experimental protocol, (B) body weight, (C) epididymal adipose fat (EDF) mass, (D) food intake, (E) energy intake, (F) water intake, (G) plasma corticosterone concentration, (H) plasma adiponectin concentration, (I) plasma glycerol concentration after oral administration of olive leaf extract, (J) mRNA expression levels of TGR5, PGC-1α, and Sirt1 in the EDF by real-time polymerase chain reaction, (K) mtDNA copy number in EDF. PI + HFD: physical inactivity (PI) + high-fat diet (HFD), PI + HFD + Ole: PI + HFD + Olive leaf extract. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 vs control, ^#p < 0.05 vs PI + HFD, as determined by one-way ANOVA.