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. 2021 Jun 14;11:12495. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90589-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Combined administration of oleanolic acid (OA) and oleuropein (OP) prevented gains in body weight andEDF mass. (A) Experimental protocol, (B) body weight, (C) EDF mass, (D) food intake, (E) energy intake, (F) water intake, (G) mRNA expression levels of TGR5, PGC-1α, and Sirt1 in EDF, (H) mtDNA copy numbers in EDF, (I) glycerol released from adipocytes to medium by administration of OA or OA + SBI-155 (TGR5 antagonist), (J) glycerol released from adipocytes to medium by administration of OP or OP + GW9662 (PPARγ antagonist), (K) plasma glycerol concentration after oral administration of oleanolic acid, or (L) oleuropein. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 vs. (physical inactivity) PI + high-fat diet (HFD) as determined by an unpaired, two-tailed t test.