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. 2021 Jun 14;11:12495. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90589-6

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Olive leaf extract improved endurance exercise capacity under atmospheric (O2[21%]) and low O2 (O2[16%]) conditions by enhancing mitochondrial mass in skeletal muscle. (A) Experimental protocol; (B) running times on a treadmill under standard (atmospheric) and low-O2 (16% O2) conditions; (C) blood lactate concentration just after exercise under standard (atmospheric) and low-O2 (16% O2) conditions; (D) body weight; (E–G) muscle weights of the soleus, EDL, and gastrocnemius; (H) mRNA expression levels of TGR5, PGC-1α, Sirt1, mTOR in the soleus muscle; and (I) mtDNA copy number in the soleus muscle. *p < 0.05 vs. control as determined by unpaired, two-tailed t tests.