Skip to main content
. 2021 Jun 14;11:12459. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91734-x

Table 2.

Measurements during incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (Mean ± SD).

Variables Patients (n = 10) Controls (n = 10) p
V˙O2 L min−1 (%pred) 0.83 ± 0.47 (32 ± 7) 1.94 ± 0.36 (74 ± 10) 0.001
V˙O2 mL kg−1 min−1 12.8 ± 6.90 28.8 ± 3.25 0.001
V˙CO2 L  min−1 0.89 ± 0.52 2.02 ± 0.56 0.001
RER 1.21 ± 0.21 1.10 ± 0.08 0.622
V˙E L  min−1 34 ± 17 61 ± 18 0.006
V˙E/MVV 0.69 ± 0.31 0.67 ± 0.19 0.836
f breaths min−1 48 ± 11 36 ± 5 0.003
VT 0.74 ± 0.40 1.71 ± 0.35 0.001
HR bpm 156 ± 9 158 ± 8 0.957
SpO2 final % 82 ± 11 95 ± 1 0.002
Delta SPO2% − 15 ± 10 − 3 ± 1 0.006
Borg Dyspnea (range) 3–10 0–9
Borg Leg Effort (range) 0–9 0–10

V˙O2: oxygen consumption; V˙CO2: carbon dioxide output; RER: Respiratory Exchange Ratio; V˙E: minute ventilation; MVV: maximum voluntary ventilation; f: breathing frequency; VT: tidal volume; HR: heart rate; SpO2: oxyhemoglobin saturation by pulse oximetry.