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. 2021 Jun 14;11:12453. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91907-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Validation of Loss of Y. Figure is headed with a cartoon adapted from the Promega technical manual depicting sites on chromosome Y interrogated through PCR. A heatmap details the ratios between tumour (T) and histologically normal (N) amplification signals on a patient-by-patient basis. Histology is shown as a y axis sidebar (LUAD = beige, LUSC = green). The grand mean and standard deviation of these ratios across all sites is plotted against age as expressed in years and coloured by smoking history (never smoker = yellow, ex-smoker = orange, current smoker = red). A hatched linear smooth line is shown with its 95% confidence intervals shaded in grey. The relationship between amplification signal (the Y-index, presented on the y axis) and the expression of genes in the same region (presented on the x axis) are shown below, with individual points coloured by tissue class (tumour = black, histologically normal = grey) and including a hatched linear smooth line with 95% confidence intervals shaded in grey. Tumour histology is denoted by point shape (LUAD = circle, LUSC = triangle).