Table 5. The milk fatty acids profile (g/100 g of total fatty acids) in the transition ewes fed two flaxseed types and two RUP levels.
| Level and type flaxseed | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No flaxseed | 10% whole flaxseed | 10%extruded flaxseed | SEM1) | p-value | ||||||
| 20%RUP (NFLR) | 40%RUP (NFHR) | 20%RUP (WFLR) | 40%RUP (WFHR) | 20%RUP (EFLR) | 40%RUP (EFHR) | Flax | RUP | Flax × RUP | ||
| Fatty acid | ||||||||||
| C4:0 | 1.41 | 1.55 | 1.87 | 1.88 | 1.61 | 1.94 | 0.15 | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.94 |
| C6:0 | 1.43 | 1.36 | 1.42 | 1.39 | 1.49 | 1.42 | 0.06 | 0.93 | 0.717 | 0.99 |
| C8:0 | 1.96 | 1.68 | 1.80 | 2.07 | 1.86 | 1.90 | 0.09 | 0.71 | 0.95 | 0.20 |
| C10:0 | 5.96 | 5.78 | 5.7 | 5.88 | 5.86 | 5.39 | 0.18 | 0.91 | 0.75 | 0.86 |
| C11:0 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.82 | 0.97 | 0.42 |
| C12:0 | 3.42 | 3.15 | 3.4 | 3.92 | 3.12 | 3.74 | 0.12 | 0.41 | 0.23 | 0.25 |
| C13:0 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.006 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| C14:0 | 10.56 | 10.84 | 9.01 | 9.04 | 9.13 | 9.31 | 0.25 | 0.007 | 0.59 | 0.94 |
| C14:1 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.26 | 0.75 |
| C15:0 | 0.67 | 0.75 | 0.99 | 1.07 | 0.66 | 0.82 | 0.006 | 0.084 | 0.03 | 0.59 |
| C16:0 | 27.24 | 27.19 | 26.97 | 24.30 | 23.53 | 23.40 | 0.69 | 0.11 | 0.47 | 0.63 |
| C16:1 | 0.66 | 0.53 | 0.89 | 0.96 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 0.08 | 0.002 | 0.74 | 0.17 |
| C17:0 | 1.05 | 0.88 | 0.68 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.58 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.06 |
| C17:1 | 0.58 | 0.44 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.001 | 0.08 | 0.13 |
| C18:0 | 13.87 | 13.48 | 13.72 | 14.13 | 13.59 | 13.21 | 0.30 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.89 |
| C18:1n9t | 2.74 | 3.16 | 3.68 | 3.84 | 3.00 | 4.73 | 0.25 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.31 |
| cis-9C18:1, oleic acid | 24.06 | 24.25 | 23.87 | 21.61 | 25.10 | 25.23 | 0.66 | 0.47 | 0.68 | 0.76 |
| trans-9 trans-12C18:2 | 0.27 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.82 | 0.98 | 0.61 |
| C18:2 n6, linoleic acid | 1.33 | 1.87 | 2.55 | 2.71 | 2.85 | 2.99 | 0.19 | 0.008 | 0.11 | 0.51 |
| C18:3n3, linolenic acid | 0.52 | 0.59 | 1.02 | 1.32 | 1.79 | 1.99 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.73 |
| C20:0 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.02 | 0.006 | 0.28 | 0.97 |
| C21:0 | 1.52 | 1.25 | 1.09 | 0.98 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.001 | 0.28 | 0.75 |
| C22:0 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.36 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.003 | 0.03 | 0.003 |
| C20:4n6 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.001 |
| Short-chain fatty acids | 14.39 | 13.76 | 14.41 | 15.36 | 14.22 | 13.89 | 0.43 | 0.74 | 0.99 | 0.79 |
| Medium-chain fatty acids | 39.26 | 39.44 | 38.05 | 35.60 | 34.55 | 34.85 | 0.80 | 0.09 | 0.66 | 0.68 |
| Long-chain fatty acids | 46.59 | 46.86 | 47.87 | 46.51 | 48.40 | 49.85 | 0.81 | 0.59 | 0.95 | 0.84 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids | 2.37 | 2.92 | 4.02 | 4.55 | 5.14 | 5.42 | 0.35 | 0.001 | 0.19 | 0.92 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids | 29.68 | 29.76 | 29.93 | 27.82 | 29.81 | 31.66 | 0.54 | 0.47 | 0.96 | 0.43 |
| Saturated fatty acids | 69.70 | 68.63 | 67.47 | 66.07 | 62.44 | 61.67 | 1.10 | 0.01 | 0.45 | 0.98 |
short-chain fatty acids (C4:0 to C13:0, SCFA); medium-chain fatty acids (C14:0 to C16:1, MCFA); long-chain fatty acids (> C17, LCFA); polyunsaturated fatty acids (trans-9 trans-12 C18:2, C18:2 n6, C18:3n3, C20:4n6, PUFA); monounsaturated fatty acids (C14:1, C16:1, C17:1,C18:1n9t, cis-9 C18:1, C21:0, MUFA); saturated fatty acids (C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C20:0, C21:0, C22:0, SFA).
RUP rumen undegradable protein; NFLR, no flaxseed, low RUP; NFHR, no flaxseed, high RUP; WFLR, whole flaxseed, low RUP; WFHR, whole flaxseed, high RU; EFLR, extruded flaxseed, low RUP; EFHR, extruded flaxseed, high RUP.