Table 2.
Proteins in cell-cell adhesion are associated with breast cancer metastasis.
| Protein name | Gene | General function | Proposed role in breast cancer metastasis | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 | IQGAP1 | Scaffold protein; signaling and cytoskeleton dynamics | Promotes cell proliferation, migration, tumor growth | (37–41) |
| Serine/threonine kinase 24 | STK24 | MAPK signaling | Promotes cell proliferation, tumor growth | (42) |
| S100 calcium binding protein P | S100P | Calcium signaling | Promotes cell proliferation, migration, motility | (43–45) |
| Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 | FSCN1 | Actin-binding protein; cell adhesion, motility, migration | Promotes metastasis through NFκB and STAT3 signaling | (46–51) |
| GIPC PDZ domain containing family member 1 | GIPC1 | Scaffold protein; signaling | Involved in cell cycle, apoptosis, motility | (52, 53) |
| Profilin 1 | PFN1 | Actin-binding protein; cytoskeletal dynamics | Suppresses cell migration and cell cycle | (54–57) |
| Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 | TACSTD2 | Calcium signaling | Promotes cell growth, migration, proliferation through AKT signaling | (58, 59) |
| Syndecan binding protein | SDCBP | Adaptor protein; signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics | Promotes cell proliferation, growth, motility, cell cycle | (60–63) |
| RAB1A, member RAS oncogene family | RAB1A | Vesicle trafficking from ER to Golgi | Involved in cell proliferation, migration, EMT; involved in mTORC1 signaling | (64, 65) |
| STE20 like kinase | SLK | Apoptosis, cytoskeletal dynamics | Promotes cell migration | (66) |
| Coronin 1B | CORO1B | Actin-binding protein; cell motility | Involved in cell cycle progression | (67) |
| Heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 | HSPA5 | Protein folding | Promotes cell motility and proliferation | (68–70) |
| Microtubule associated protein RP/EB family member 1 | MAPRE1 | Microtubule dynamics | Promotes cell proliferation and tumor growth | (71) |
| Radixin | RDX | Binds actin | Involved in cell motility; interacts with ERBB2 receptors | (72, 73) |
| Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 | STAT1 | Transcription factor; responds to cytokines and growth factors | Either promotes or inhibits tumor growth | (74–77) |
List of proteins within the Gene Ontology Biological Process (GO_BP) category “cell-cell adhesion” that also have GO_BP terms of signaling and/or cell migration.