| Zervantonakis et al., 2012 (ref. 64) |
Examining the mode of action by which macrophages influence tumour cells via TNF release |
Ab |
Mixed |
PDMS |
3D |
Static – manual pipetting |
Three cell culture chambers connected by an array of microchannels to permit chemical and physical contact amongst the two cell types
|
| Lu et al., 2015 (ref. 65) |
DC/tumour fusions to elicit anti-tumour immunity |
DC vaccine |
Cell lines |
PDMS |
3D |
Perfusion – syringe pump, electrodes |
960 pairs of trapping channels. Cell electrofusion device that can pair and fuse homogeneous and heterogeneous cells
|
| Jenkins et al., 2017 (ref. 66) |
Novel TBK1/IKKε inhibitor mechanisms |
ICB |
Primary |
PDMS |
3D |
Static – manual pipetting |
Three cell culture chambers connected by an array of microchannels to permit chemical and physical contact amongst the two cell types
|
| Kulasinghe et al., 2017 (ref. 67) |
Non-invasive method to identify candidates for anti-PD-L1 therapy. Involved blood sample from a SCC patient to determine the PD-L1 expression of CTCs |
ICB |
Mixed |
PDMS |
3D |
Perfusion – syringe pump |
Spiral microfluidic channel
|
| Parlato et al., 2017 (ref. 68) |
Effect of biochemical stimuli on DC migration. IFNα-conditioned dendritic cells for use as a therapeutic vaccine in combinations with romidepsin |
DC vaccine |
Cell lines |
PDMS |
3D |
Static – manual pipetting |
Five cell culture chambers connected by an array of microchannels to permit chemical and physical contact amongst the two cell types
|
| Aref et al., 2018 (ref. 62) |
ICB in conjunction with small hydrophobic molecules |
ICB |
Primary |
COP plastic device from AIM BIOTECH |
3D – MDOTS viability affected by PD-1 blockade in 3D microfluidic culture but not in 2D culture using 384-well plates |
Static – manual pipetting |
Three cell culture chambers connected by an array of microchannels to permit chemical and physical contact amongst the two cell types
|
| Huh et al., 2018 (ref. 69) |
Mimicking the drug toxicity-induced pulmonary oedema seen in cancer patients after IL-2 treatment |
Cytokines-IL-2 |
Cell lines |
PDMS |
2D |
Perfusion – syringe pump, vacuum pump |
Two parallel microchannels separated by a thin and porous ECM coated membrane, permitting perfusion and cyclic stretching of the cell layers attached to a flexible membrane, mimicking physiological breathing motions
|
| Moore et al., 2018 (ref. 63) |
Study of the mechanisms by which anti-PD-1 antibodies augment the cytotoxicity of TILs |
ICB |
Primary |
COC plastic EVIDENT device |
3D |
Perfusion – pressure-pump driven system |
Tumour fragment trapped in V-designed channels
|
| Nguyen et al., 2018 (ref. 70) |
Effects of trastuzumab and CAF on cancer cell proliferation, cell death and motility. Effects of co-culture with CAF and immune cells in 3D |
Ab |
Mixed |
PDMS |
3D – the drug decreased mitosis, tumour growth and apoptosis. In 2D experiments the drug did not inhibit the growth of cancer cells |
Perfusion – syringe pump |
Five cell culture chambers connected by an array of microchannels to permit chemical and physical contact amongst the two cell types
|
| Yin et al., 2018 (ref. 71) |
Antibodies for the identification of the stage of cancer progression and determination of the optimum course of treatment |
Ab |
Mixed |
PDMS and patterned nickel micropillar substrate |
3D |
Syringe pump and magnets used to immobilize antibodies onto micropillars of device |
Chaotic mixer with a patterned nickel micropillar substrate
|
| Wimalachandra et al., 2019 (ref. 46) |
Chemokine-loaded folic-acid conjugated NPs for targeting folic-acid receptor expressing cancer cells and attracting immune cells towards the target cells |
Chemokine-loaded NPs |
Mixed |
PDMS |
3D |
Static – manual pipetting |
Three cell culture chambers connected by an array of microchannels to permit chemical and physical contact amongst the two cell types
|
