TABLE 3.
AIS patients female vs. male comparisons in both IO and ISCO: Hotelling T2 tests results, 95% confidence intervals, and difference of means.
| Hotelling T2 test for independent samples: female vs. male in IO and ISCO comparison |
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| IO (n1 = 57, n2 = 75, k = 13, T2 = 51.8, p = 8.2e-5, d = 1.26, power = 0.99) |
ISCO (n1 = 57, n2 = 75, k = 13, T2 = 46.5, p = 3.1e–4, d = 1.19, power = 0.99) |
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| Parameter | Descriptions | Males Mean | Females Mean | Difference of Means | CI 95% lower ÷ upper | Males Mean | Females Mean | Difference of Means | CI 95% lower ÷ upper |
| |ASO| (mm) | |Average frontal spinal offsets| | 8.1 ± 6.7 | 7.0 ± 4.9 | 1.07 | −0.93 ÷ 3.07 | 7.3 ± 5.2 | 6.7 ± 4.7 | 0.60 | −1.12 ÷ 2.31 |
| |AGO| (mm) | |Average frontal global offsets| | 12.4 ± 11.5 | 11.3 ± 7.4 | 1.14 | −2.13 ÷ 4.41 | 10.8 ± 9.8 | 11.0 ± 7.8 | −0.20 | −3.23 ÷ 2.83 |
| CA1 (degrees) | 1°Cobb angle; | 15.1 ± 6.9 | 16.4 ± 8.1 | −1.28 | −3.92 ÷ 1.35 | 14.3 ± 7.0 | 15.4 ± 7.6 | −1.11 | −3.66 ÷ 1.44 |
| CA2 (degrees) | 2°Cobb angle | 10.0 ± 5.9 | 12.4 ± 7.1 | −2.49* | −4.79 ÷−0.19 | 10.2 ± 5.8 | 11.6 ± 7.2 | −1.38 | −3.69 ÷ 0.94 |
| TKA (degrees) | “Thoracic” Kyphosis angle | 47.3 ± 8.5 | 43.3 ± 10.9 | 3.99* | 0.54 ÷ 7.45 | 38.5 ± 10.4 | 35.2 ± 10.9 | 3.26 | −0.47 ÷ 6.98 |
| LLA (degrees) | “Lumbar” Lordosis angle | 39.7 ± 8.3 | 43.1 ± 9.5 | −3.36* | −6.49 ÷−0.23 | 40.1 ± 10.0 | 43.3 ± 10.2 | −3.15* | −6.66 ÷−0.36 |
| |ΔASIS| (mm) | |ΔAnterior superior iliac spine| | 10.1 ± 8.2 | 7.8 ± 5.6 | 2.29 | −0.10 ÷ 4.68 | 9.1 ± 7.1 | 7.7 ± 6.3 | 1.39 | −0.92 ÷ 3.71 |
| |ΔPSIS| (mm) | |ΔPosterior superior iliac spine| | 6.5 ± 4.2 | 5.6 ± 4.5 | 0.91 | −0.60 ÷ 2.43 | 6.1 ± 3.9 | 5.3 ± 3.8 | 0.76 | −0.58 ÷ 2.11 |
| |PT| (mm) | |Pelvis torsion| = | (ΔASIS-ΔPSIS)| | 6.7 ± 5.6 | 5.0 ± 3.6 | 1.71* | 0.13 ÷ 3.28 | 6.6 ± 5.1 | 5.5 ± 5.3 | 1.11 | −0.69 ÷ 2.92 |
| SA (degrees) | Sacral angle | 16.8 ± 5.6 | 18.9 ± 6.3 | −2.12* | −4.22 ÷−0.03 | 18.6 ± 5.0 | 21.1 ± 5.9 | −2.49* | −4.41 ÷−0.56 |
| ASO SG (mm) | Average sagittal spinal offsets | −14.1 ± 12.8 | −24.2 ± 12.6 | 10.15* | 5.75 ÷ 14.56 | −21.7 ± 12.6 | −30.7 ± 13.4 | 9.02* | 4.48 ÷ 13.56 |
| AGO SG (mm) | Average sagittal global offsets | −10.4 ± 23.3 | −2.9 ± 19.0 | −7.53* | −14.81 ÷−0.24 | −14.9 ± 24.5 | −6.7 ± 19.1 | −8.10* | −15.61 ÷−0.59 |
| |ΔUL| (%BW) | |ΔUnderfoot load| | 6.3 ± 5.2 | 6.2 ± 3.8 | 0.09 | −1.46 ÷ 1.64 | 6.9 ± 4.7 | 7.2 ± 4.2 | −0.26 | −1.81 ÷ 1.29 |
The * associated with bold numbers indicates the statistically significant differences of means.