TABLE 4.
Per-gender IO vs. ISCO comparisons in AIS patients: Hotelling T2 tests results, 95% confidence intervals, and difference of means.
| Hotelling T2 test for paired samples: per-gender IO vs. ISCO comparison |
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| Males (n = 57, k = 13, T2 = 248.6, p = 4e-12, d = 2.08, power = 0.99) |
Females (n = 75, k = 13, T2 = 123.0, p = 5.2e-9, d = 1.21, power = 0.99) |
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| Parameter | Descriptions | IO Mean | ISCO Mean | Difference of Means | CI 95% lower÷upper | IO Mean | ISCO Mean | Difference of Means | CI 95% lower ÷ upper |
| |ASO| (mm) | |Average frontal spinal offsets| | 8.1 ± 6.7 | 7.3 ± 5.2 | 0.81 | −0.41 ÷ 2.03 | 7.0 ± 4.9 | 6.7 ± 4.7 | 0.34 | −0.56 ÷ 1.24 |
| |AGO| (mm) | |Average frontal global offsets| | 12.4 ± 11.5 | 10.8 ± 9.8 | 1.59 | −1.09 ÷ 4.27 | 11.3 ± 7.4 | 11.0 ± 7.8 | 0.26 | −1.10 ÷ 1.61 |
| CA1 (degrees) | 1°Cobb angle | 15.1 ± 6.9 | 14.3 ± 7.0 | 0.84 | −0.40 ÷ 2.08 | 16.4 ± 8.1 | 15.4 ± 7.6 | 1.01* | 0.09 ÷ 1.94 |
| CA2 (degrees) | 2°Cobb angle | 10.0 ± 5.9 | 10.2 ± 5.8 | −0.27 | −1.15 ÷ 0.60 | 12.4 ± 7.1 | 11.6 ± 7.2 | 0.84 | −0.02 ÷ 1.70 |
| TKA (degrees) | “Thoracic” Kyphosis angle | 47.3 ± 8.5 | 38.5 ± 10.4 | 8.84* | 6.42 ÷ 11.25 | 43.3 ± 10.9 | 35.2 ± 10.9 | 8.10* | 5.20 ÷ 11.01 |
| LLA (degrees) | “Lumbar” Lordosis angles | 39.7 ± 8.3 | 40.1 ± 10.0 | −0.41 | −3.11 ÷ 2.29 | 43.1 ± 9.5 | 43.3 ± 10.2 | −0.20 | −2.07 ÷ 1.67 |
| |ΔASIS| (mm) | |ΔAnterior superior iliac spine| | 10.1 ± 8.2 | 9.1 ± 7.1 | 0.96 | −0.28 ÷ 2.20 | 7.8 ± 5.6 | 7.7 ± 6.3 | 0.06 | −1.06 ÷ 1.19 |
| |ΔPSIS| (mm) | |ΔPosterior superior iliac spine| | 6.5 ± 4.2 | 6.1 ± 3.9 | 0.38 | −0.10 ÷ 0.87 | 5.6 ± 4.5 | 5.3 ± 3.8 | 0.23 | −0.26 ÷ 0.73 |
| |PT| (mm) | |Pelvis torsion| = |(ΔASIS-ΔPSIS)| | 6.7 ± 5.6 | 6.6 ± 5.1 | 0.04 | −0.87 ÷ 0.94 | 5.0 ± 3.6 | 5.5 ± 5.3 | −0.56 | −1.81 ÷ 0.69 |
| SA (degrees) | Sacral angle | 16.8 ± 5.6 | 18.6 ± 5.0 | −1.82* | −3.13 ÷−0.52 | 18.9 ± 6.3 | 21.1 ± 5.9 | −2.18* | −3.50 ÷−0.86 |
| ASO SG (mm) | Average sagittal spinal offsets | −14.1 ± 12.8 | −21.7 ± 12.6 | 7.60* | 4.21 ÷ 10.99 | −24.2 ± 12.6 | −30.7 ± 13.4 | 6.47* | 3.55 ÷ 9.38 |
| AGO SG (mm) | Average sagittal global offsets | −10.4 ± 23.3 | −14.9 ± 24.5 | 4.46 | −0.36 ÷ 9.28 | −2.9 ± 19.0 | −6.7 ± 19.1 | 3.88* | 0.67 ÷ 7.08 |
| |ΔUL| (%BW) | |ΔUnderfoot load| | 6.3 ± 5.2 | 6.9 ± 4.7 | −0.64 | −2.15 ÷ 0.87 | 6.2 ± 3.8 | 7.2 ± 4.2 | −1.00 | −2.42 ÷ 0.43 |
The * associated with bold numbers indicates the statistically significant differences of means.