Table 2. Mean Out-of-Pocket Costs per Branded Prescription.
| Out-of-pocket costs per prescription (95% CI), 2018 $a | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| With observed rebatesb | With no rebatesc | Difference | |
| 2007-2013 | |||
| Overall | 52 (51-53) | 48 (47-48) | 4 (4-4) |
| By coverage type | |||
| Medicare | 52 (51-53) | 45 (44-46) | 7 (7-7) |
| Commercial | 48 (47-48) | 48 (47-49) | 0 (0-0) |
| Uninsured | 103 (95-110) | 71 (65-77) | 32 (29-35) |
| 2014-2018 | |||
| Overall | 61 (60-62) | 50 (49-51) | 11 (10-12) |
| By coverage type | |||
| Medicare | 61 (60-62) | 48 (47-49) | 13 (12-13) |
| Commercial | 57 (56-59) | 51 (49-53) | 6 (6-7) |
| Uninsured | 126 (114-137) | 87 (77-97) | 39 (34-44) |
a
Models are adjusted for year and drug and include interactions with coverage type and indicators for 2007 to 2013 and 2014 to 2018.
b
These are factual estimates: the model-adjusted estimate of out-of-pocket costs with observed rebates.
c
These are counterfactual estimates: the model-adjusted estimate of out-of-pocket costs if rebates were set to zero.