Regeneration of various DNA/RNA surface by 0.1% SDS treatment. (A, E, H, and K) Schematic smFRET experiments including (A) 3′ poly T40 tail and RecA binding, (E) G4 with T15 tail and DHX36 binding, (H) 5′ poly U50 tail and FUS engagement, and (K) 5′ poly T40 and PcrA binding and translocation. (B, F, I, and L) The FRET histogram of control and 10th repeats of respective protein binding. (C and D) Single-exponential fitting of RecA-bound fraction and corresponding rate of 10 repeat trials (errors are reported from curve fitting). (G, J, and M) Representative smFRET traces of (G) DHX36 bound to G4, (J) FUS bound to poly U50, (M) PcrA bound to poly T50, and (N) PcrA-induced translocation repeat dwell time. To see this figure in color, go online.