Table 1.

PICO 1 Study Abstraction

Study	Location and Timeframe	Sample Size	Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria	Study Design	Tool and Reference Standard	Findings
Fulmer et al., 2000	Large U.S. metropolitan hospital 3 weeks	N = 36	Age 70 or older, 18 or greater on MMSE, 20 hours or more per week with caregiver	Pilot study, screening in ED, and tool validation	Elder Assessment Instrument (EAI) Expert panel	71% true-positive 7% false-positive 93% specificity 29% false-negative
Fulmer et al., 2005	4 EDs in New York and Tampa 2001–2003	N = 405	Age 70 or older, 18 or greater on MMSE, English or Spanish speaking, 20 hours or more per week of paid/unpaid caregiver and telephone in home	Study to use a dyadic vulnerability/risk-profiling framework for elder neglect	MMSE and EAI	RA diagnosed 5% (n = 22) versus NAT diagnosed 22% (n = 86 of 389)
Eulitt, et al., 2014	Virginia EDs (1 urban and 1 rural) March 2012- August 2012	N = 180 patients (90 in each site)	Convenience sample of ED visitors age 65 or older, able to consent, and medically stable. Excluded if positive on Mini-Cog or failed “teach back” test	Cross-sectional survey to identify proportion of patients at risk of mistreatment and associated factors	Modified Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR)	OR for being at risk is higher in urban hospital (2.93), higher with less education (2.98), and higher if in a supervised setting (14.24)
Platts-Mills et al., 2018	U.S. academic ED Timeframe not mentioned	N = 259, drawn from one site	65+, being seen in ED, present and able to participate. Excluded if acutely ill (Emergency Severity Index score 1), on a psychiatric hold, not English speaking, experiencing IPV, or in another study	Tool development, predictive accuracy and reliability through survey of patients seen in ED	Emergency Department Senior Abuse Identification (ED Senior Aid) Clinical judgement vs combination of survey items	94% sensitivity 90% specificity good or excellent inter-rater reliability
Elman et al., 2020.	U.S. Academic ED NA	N = 10, not tested on older adults; developed with involvement of 10 experts	NA	Review of existing instruments, Delphi approach with experts, focus group, and expert review	Emergency Department Elder Mistreatment Assessment Tool for Social Workers (ED-EMATS)	First elder abuse assessment tool for use in ED by social workers

Note. ED = Emergency Department, MMSE = Mini-Mental State Exam, U.S. = United States, NAT = Neglect Assessment Team, IPV = Intimate Partner Violence, RA = Research Assistant, OR = Odds Ratio