Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Median TCC duration | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Total (N = 27) |
< 4 months (n = 12) |
> 4 months (n = 15) |
MD (95% CI)† or OR (95% CI) |
P-value* |
| Mean age (SD), years | 57.9 (12.6) | 56.3 (13.7) | 59.1 (12.0) | 2.81 (−7.40 to 13.02)† | 0.576 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 18 (66.7) | 8 (66.7) | 10 (66.7) | 1.00 (0.20 to 5.00) | > 0.99 |
| Known ethanol abuse, n (%) | 6 (22.2) | 4 (33.3) | 2 (13.3) | 0.31 (0.05 to 2.08) | 0.357 |
| Smoking history, n (%)a | 8 (29.6) | 2 (16.7) | 6 (40.0) | 3.33 (0.53 to 20.91) | 0.236 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 24 (88.9) | 10 (83.3) | 14 (93.3) | 2.80 (0.22 to 35.29) | 0.569 |
| Type 1, n (%) | 8 (33.3) | 4 (40.0) | 4 (28.6) | 0.60 (0.11 to 3.34) | 0.673 |
| Type 2, n (%) | 16 (66.7) | 6 (60.0) | 10 (71.4) | 1.67 (0.30 to 9.27) | 0.673 |
| Mean duration (SD), years | 24.0 (13.3) | 22.4 (13.5) | 25.1 (13.6) | 2.74 (−8.87 to 14.36)† | 0.629 |
| Mean HbA1c (SD), %b | 8.6 (2.0) | 8.1 (2.5) | 8.9 (1.7) | 0.82 (−0.99 to 2.63)† | 0.358 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 16 (59.3) | 6 (50.0) | 10 (66.7) | 2.00 (0.42 to 9.52) | 0.452 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 13 (48.1) | 4 (33.3) | 9 (60.0) | 3.00 (0.62 to 14.62) | 0.168 |
| Ischaemic heart disease, n (%) | 3 (11.1) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (13.3) | 1.69 (0.14 to 21.27) | > 0.99 |
| Congestive cardiac failure, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A | N/A |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (13.3) | 1.92 (1.32 to 2.80) | 0.487 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 4 (14.8) | 1 (8.3) | 3 (20.0) | 2.75 (0.25 to 30.51) | 0.605 |
| Osteoarthritis, n (%) | 13 (48.1) | 3 (25.0) | 10 (66.7) | 6.00 (1.11 to 32.55) | 0.031* |
| Previous foot ulceration, n (%) | 18 (66.7) | 7 (58.3) | 11 (73.3) | 1.96 (0.39 to 9.93) | 0.448 |
| Previous foot infection, n (%) | 17 (63.0) | 7 (58.3) | 10 (66.7) | 1.43 (0.30 to 6.88) | 0.706 |
| Previous amputation, n (%) | 4 (14.8) | 3 (25.0) | 1 (6.7) | 0.21 (0.02 to 2.39) | 0.294 |
Data are n (%), MD (95% CI) or OR (95% CI), unless otherwise specified. Percentages may not add up to 100%, as they are rounded to the nearest percent
CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; MD, mean difference; N/A, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; TCC, total contact casting
SI conversion factor: To convert HbA1c to proportion of total haemoglobin, multiply by 0.01
*Significant difference between ‘< 4 months’ and ‘> 4 months’ median TCC duration groups, p < 0.05
aPast or current smoker
bMaximum missing data were for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) involving 1 participant overall (3.7%)
†Data are MD (95% CI), unless otherwise specified