Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| ACEI/ARB treatment (n = 1736) | No ACEI/ARB treatment (n = 2243) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 81.7 (7.2) | 82.9 (7.7) | <0.0001 |
| Male sex | 60.8 (1055/1736) | 58.4 (1311/2243) | 0.14 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.8 (6.5) | 27.8 (6.2) | <0.0001 |
| STS score | 7.2 (3.8) | 7.7 (4.2) | <0.0001 |
| <4 | 7.9 (138/1736) | 7.9 (177/2243) | |
| 4–8 | 63.5 (1102/1736) | 56.6 (1269/2243) | |
| >8 | 28.6 (496/1736) | 35.5 (797/2243) | |
| Logistic EuroSCORE | 8.8 (9.1) | 9.6 (10.5) | 0.02 |
| NYHA functional class | 0.06 | ||
| III | 60.0 (1041/1736) | 58.0 (1301/2243) | |
| IV | 22.8 (395/1736) | 26.1 (585/2243) | |
| III or IV | 82.7 (1436/1736) | 84.1 (1886/2243) | 0.25 |
| CAD | 81.0 (1407/1736) | 76.0 (1705/2243) | 0.0001 |
| Prior MI | 21.0 (365/1736) | 17.1 (383/2243) | 0.002 |
| Prior PCI | 33.8 (587/1736) | 30.8 (690/2243) | 0.04 |
| Prior CABG | 36.2 (628/1736) | 26.6 (596/2243) | <0.0001 |
| Frailty | 19.3 (335/1735) | 26.0 (582/2239) | <0.0001 |
| PVD | 34.7 (602/1736) | 32.4 (727/2243) | 0.13 |
| Prior stroke or TIA | 18.7 (325/1736) | 18.9 (424/2243) | 0.88 |
| Hypertension | 96.3 (1672/1736) | 89.7 (2012/2243) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 134.4 (21.6) | 131.2 (20.4) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 67.8 (11.5) | 67.5 (11.0) | 0.43 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 84.4 (1466/1736) | 79.4 (1780/2243) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 40.6 (704/1736) | 32.5 (729/2243) | <0.0001 |
| Renal disease (Cr ≥2 mg/dL) | 7.2 (125/1736) | 9.8 (219/2243) | 0.004 |
| Liver disease | 1.7 (30/1736) | 2.5 (55/2243) | 0.12 |
| COPD | 34.7 (600/1730) | 31.8 (712/2239) | 0.056 |
| Oxygen dependent COPD | 7.4 (127/1724) | 9.3 (207/2234) | 0.03 |
| History of cancer | 31.8 (552/1736) | 33.0 (741/2243) | 0.41 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.2 (1.6) | 12.1 (1.8) | 0.04 |
| Electrocardiographic characteristics | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 21.1 (360/1707) | 21.6 (476/2202) | 0.69 |
| First-degree AVB | 21.9 (377/1722) | 22.2 (491/2213) | 0.83 |
| LBBB | 6.8 (117/1722) | 5.6 (124/2213) | 0.12 |
| RBBB | 8.2 (141/1722) | 8.5 (188/2213) | 0.73 |
Values are mean (standard deviation) or % (n/N).
AVB, atrioventricular block; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cr, creatinine; EuroSCORE, European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; LBBB, left bundle branch block; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; RBBB, right bundle branch block; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.