Figure 1:

(A) Aortic contour was segmented from the initial 4-dimensional-flow dataset with separation of the head and neck vessels. (B) A luminal centreline was then created to delineate 2 anatomically standardized aortic regions: (1) ascending aorta (sinotubular junction to the first arch vessel origin) and (2) thoracic aorta (sinotubular junction to mid-descending aorta measured at the level of the aortic root). Viscous kinetic energy loss $–E_{\mathrm{L}}^{\text{′}}$ represented by heat map visualization depicting the energy loss per voxel volume in the ascending aortic (C) and thoracic region (D).