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. 2021 May 28;15:643386. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.643386

Table 2.

Deep generative data augmentation methods.

Approach References Paradigm Summary
GAN GAN
(Goodfellow et al., 2014)
Roy et al., 2020 Motor imagery Devised LSTM-based generator and discriminator; qualitatively analyzed generated signals
Krishna et al., 2020 Speech Devised GRU-based generator and discriminator
LSGAN
(Mao et al., 2017)
Pascual et al., 2019 Seizure Devised U-Net-based generator and discriminator; used conditional GAN concept
DCGAN
(Radford et al., 2015)
Zhang et al., 2020b Motor imagery Generated STFT images estimated from raw EEGs; compared synthesizing quality to other DA methods
Zhang and Liu, 2018 Compared classification accuracy of testing dataset for different ratio of raw data and artificial data; used conditional GAN concept
Fahimi et al., 2020 Motor Used feature vector with the random noise for the generator input
Lee Y. E. et al., 2020 ERP Used features of EEG signals during walking as the generator input to reconstruct EEG signals similar to ones during standing
Truong et al., 2019a Seizure Generated STFT images estimated from raw EEGs
Truong et al., 2019b Generated STFT images estimated from raw EEGs
Fan et al., 2020 Sleep Compared synthesizing quality to other DA methods
WGAN
(Arjovsky et al., 2017)
Ko et al., 2019 Motor imagery Conducted gradient penalty rather than weight clipping; used semi-supervised GAN concept
Hartmann et al., 2018 Motor Conducted gradient penalty rather than weight clipping
Aznan et al., 2019 SSVEP Compared synthesizing quality to VAE-based DA methods; experimented TL setting
Panwar et al., 2019b RSVP Conducted gradient penalty rather than weight clipping; used conditional GAN concept
Luo et al., 2020 Emotion Conducted gradient penalty rather than weight clipping; used conditional GAN concept
Luo and Lu, 2018 Conducted gradient penalty rather than weight clipping; used conditional GAN concept
Panwar et al., 2019a Drowsy Conducted gradient penalty rather than weight clipping
Hwang et al., 2019 Cognition Designed zero-calibration experiments
VAE AE
(Ballard, 1987)
Zhang et al., 2020b Motor imagery Generated STFT images estimated from raw EEGs; compared synthesizing quality to other DA methods
VAE
(Kingma and Welling, 2014)
Zhang et al., 2020b Motor imagery Generated STFT images estimated from raw EEGs; compared synthesizing quality to other DA methods
Fahimi et al., 2020 Motor Compared synthesizing quality to other DA methods
Aznan et al., 2019 SSVEP Compared synthesizing quality to VAE-based DA methods; experimented TL setting
Luo et al., 2020 Emotion Compared synthesizing quality to VAE-based DA methods