Table 1.
Clinical Correlates of Baseline Liver Fibrosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
| Characteristic | Fibrosis (n = 25) | No Fibrosis (n = 33) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y | 53 ± 8 | 52 ± 7 | .60 |
| Male sex, % | 88 | 76 | .24 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | .29 | ||
| Black | 20 | 36 | |
| White | 80 | 55 | |
| Hispanic | 20 | 12 | .41 |
| Smoking status, % | |||
| Current smoker | 16 | 18 | .83 |
| Ever smoker | 64 | 55 | .47 |
| HIV-related indices | |||
| Duration of HIV, y | 18 ± 9 | 15 ± 8 | .10 |
| CD4 count, cells/μL | 710 ± 285 | 802 ± 272 | .22 |
| Log HIV RNA load | 0.40 ± 0.66 | 0.39 ± 0.66 | .95 |
| NRTI use, % | 92 | 94 | .77 |
| NNRTI use, % | 56 | 27 | .03 |
| PI use, % | 20 | 27 | .52 |
| Integrase inhibitor use, % | 56 | 67 | .41 |
| Immunologic indices | |||
| CRP, mg/L | 8.0 ± 10.4 | 4.8 ± 4.7 | .11 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 1.7 ± 1.8 | 1.4 ± 1.4 | .42 |
| Hepatic indices | |||
| Liver fat, % | 15.4 ± 10.3 | 12.6 ± 6.9 | .22 |
| NASH, % | 72 | 3 | < .0001 |
| NAS | 3.6 ± 2.0 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | < .0001 |
| Lobular inflammation | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | .0004 |
| Hepatocellular ballooning | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | < .0001 |
| Liver biopsy length, mm | 13 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | .81 |
| ALT, U/L | 41 ± 30 | 23 ± 8 | .002 |
| AST, U/L | 44 ± 27 | 23 ± 10 | .0003 |
| FIB-4 | 1.88 ± 0.98 | 1.12 ± 0.44 | .0003 |
| Metabolic indices | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31 ± 7 | 31 ± 5 | .96 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 111 ± 17 | 109 ± 10 | .48 |
| Visceral fat, cm2 | 284 ± 91 | 212 ± 95 | .005 |
| Subcutaneous fat, cm2 | 270 ± 154 | 321 ± 138 | .20 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 98 ± 22 | 94 ± 12 | .41 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | .81 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 151 ± 83 | 136 ± 57 | .43 |
Variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated. Bold text denotes statistical significance with P < .05.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; FIB-4, Fibrosis-4 Index for Liver Fibrosis; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IL-6, interleukin-6; NAS, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.