Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants Identified From the Swedish InfCare HIV Cohort
| LLV | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 6956) | Virologic Suppression (n = 4177; 60%) | 50–199 Copies/mL (n = 339; 5%) | 200–999 Copies/mL (n = 258; 4%) | Nonsuppressed Viremia (n = 2182; 31%) | P a | |
| Males, n (%) | 4396 (63) | 2649 (63) | 244 (72) | 179 (69) | 1324 (61) | <.001 |
| Age at start of cART, years | 37 (31–45) | 38 (31–46) | 39 (33–47) | 39 (33–49) | 36 (31–44) | <.001 |
| Median year of HIV diagnosis | 2005 | 2008 | 2006 | 2003 | 1996 | <.001 |
| Median year of start of cART | 2007 | 2010 | 2007 | 2005 | 1999 | <.001 |
| Country of birth, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| Sweden | 2643 (38) | 1482 (35) | 151 (45) | 106 (41) | 904 (41) | |
| Outside Sweden | 4152 (60) | 2582 (62) | 182 (54) | 149 (58) | 1239 (57) | |
| Unknown | 5 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 | 0 | 4 (0) | |
| Country of birth missing | 156 (2) | 112 (3) | 6 (2) | 3 (1) | 35 (2) | |
| Transmission group, n (%) | <.001 | |||||
| Heterosexual | 3566 (51) | 2189 (52) | 153 (45) | 133 (52) | 1091 (50) | |
| Homosexual/bisexual | 2332 (34) | 1417 (34) | 129 (38) | 83 (32) | 703 (32) | |
| Injection drug use | 396 (6) | 156 (4) | 20 (6) | 15 (6) | 205 (9) | |
| Otherb | 531 (8) | 310 (7) | 33 (10) | 26 (10) | 162 (7) | |
| Transmission group missing | 131 (2) | 105 (3) | 4 (1) | 1 (0) | 21 (1) | |
| VL before ART initiation,c copies/mL | 73 000 (18 050–242 000) [28% missing] | 58 400 (15 150–196 000) [21% missing] | 230 000 (66 000–750 000) [21% missing] | 194 500 (55 600–541 000) [31% missing] | 80 000 (20 900–246 000) [43% missing] | <.001 |
| CD4 cell count before ART initiation,c cells/mm3 | 240 (140–360) [18% missing] | 252 (146–370) [17% missing] | 189 (90–290) [13% missing] | 200 (90–280) [17% missing] | 240 (150–350) [19% missing] | <.001 |
| Ever HCV positive, n (%) | 651 (9) | 308 (7) | 38 (11) | 28 (11) | 277 (13) | <.001 |
| HCV status missing | 975 (14) | 589 (14) | 42 (12) | 35 (14) | 309 (14) | |
| Ever HBsAg positive, n (%) | 243 (3) | 137 (3) | 11 (3) | 10 (4) | 85 (4) | .78 |
| HBV status missing | 3695 (53) | 2220 (53) | 174 (51) | 144 (56) | 1157 (53) | |
| Type of first cART regimen, n (%) | ||||||
| Including PIs | 4040 (58) | 1874 (45) | 220 (65) | 169 (66) | 1777 (81) | <.001 |
| Including NNRTI | 2475 (36) | 1874 (45) | 102 (30) | 84 (33) | 415 (19) | <.001 |
| Including INSTIs | 588 (8) | 523 (13) | 26 (8) | 12 (5) | 27 (1) | <.001 |
| Including abacavir | 1414 (20) | 1097 (26) | 58 (17) | 44 (17) | 215 (10) | <.001 |
| Switched treatment during follow-up, n (%) | 2368 (34) | 600 (14) | 87 (26) | 75 (29) | 1606 (74) | <.001 |
| Treatment experienced at start of cART, n (%) | 1331 (19) | 337 (8) | 63 (19) | 63 (24) | 868 (40) | <.001 |
| Total viremia copy-years from start to end of follow-up, log10 copy × year/mL | 2.4 (1.6–4.0) | 1.6 (1.1–2.1) | 2.2 (1.9–2.5) | 2.5 (2.2–2.8) | 4.4 (3.6–5.1) | <.001 |
Values are n (%) or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated. Participants are grouped by the last viremia category they belonged to during follow-up.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; cART, combination antiretroviral therapy; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; LLV, low-level viremia; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; VL, viral load.
a P values are the results of Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables and Pearson χ 2 tests for categorical variables.
bIncluding blood products, mother-to-child, and unknown.
cRefers to any antiretroviral treatment before start of cART.