Table 1.
Patient characteristics pre- and post-matching by heart failure status.
| Before matching |
After matching |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No HF | HF | p-Value | SMD | No HF | HF | p-Value | SMD | |
| n | 1075 | 256 | 188 | 188 | ||||
| Age (mean (SD)) | 55.22 (16.31) | 65.08 (15.51) | <0.001 | 0.620 | 64.11 (15.70) | 63.54 (16.03) | 0.728 | 0.036 |
| Male (%) | 607 (56.5) | 131 (51.2) | 0.144 | 0.106 | 107 (56.9) | 104 (55.3) | 0.835 | 0.032 |
| BMI (mean (SD)) | 28.62 (7.34) | 30.24 (8.61) | 0.002 | 0.203 | 29.73 (8.32) | 29.96 (8.43) | 0.791 | 0.027 |
| Race (%) | <0.001 | 0.497 | 0.796 | 0.070 | ||||
| White | 312 (29.0) | 62 (24.2) | 47 (25.0) | 51 (27.1) | ||||
| Other | 405 (37.7) | 51 (19.9) | 46 (24.5) | 41 (21.8) | ||||
| Black or African American | 358 (33.3) | 143 (55.9) | 95 (50.5) | 96 (51.1) | ||||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Current smoker (%) | 59 (5.5) | 9 (3.5) | 0.258 | 0.095 | 9 (4.8) | 6 (3.2) | 0.598 | 0.082 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 95 (8.8) | 88 (34.4) | <0.001 | 0.653 | 52 (27.7) | 49 (26.1) | 0.816 | 0.036 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 176 (16.4) | 152 (59.4) | <0.001 | 0.989 | 93 (49.5) | 93 (49.5) | 1.000 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension (%) | 597 (55.5) | 226 (88.3) | <0.001 | 0.782 | 163 (86.7) | 160 (85.1) | 0.767 | 0.046 |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 175 (16.3) | 152 (59.4) | <0.001 | 0.992 | 92 (48.9) | 96 (51.1) | 0.757 | 0.043 |
| COPD (%) | 38 (3.5) | 51 (19.9) | <0.001 | 0.527 | 19 (10.1) | 25 (13.3) | 0.422 | 0.099 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 441 (41.0) | 163 (63.7) | <0.001 | 0.466 | 111 (59.0) | 110 (58.5) | 1.000 | 0.011 |
| Asthma (%) | 128 (11.9) | 43 (16.8) | 0.046 | 0.140 | 25 (13.3) | 29 (15.4) | 0.659 | 0.061 |
| Cancer (%) | 97 (9.0) | 42 (16.4) | 0.001 | 0.223 | 31 (16.5) | 27 (14.4) | 0.668 | 0.059 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia (%) | 19 (1.8) | 32 (12.5) | <0.001 | 0.426 | 16 (8.5) | 18 (9.6) | 0.857 | 0.037 |
| Stroke (%) | 104 (9.7) | 74 (28.9) | <0.001 | 0.503 | 43 (22.9) | 43 (22.9) | 1.000 | <0.001 |
| Acute myocardial infarction (%) | 94 (8.7) | 89 (34.8) | <0.001 | 0.665 | 52 (27.7) | 48 (25.5) | 0.726 | 0.048 |
| DVT or pulmonary embolism (%) | 107 (10.0) | 62 (24.2) | <0.001 | 0.386 | 39 (20.7) | 36 (19.1) | 0.796 | 0.040 |
HF = heart failure; SMD = standardized mean difference; SD = standard deviation; BMI = body mass index; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; DVT = deep vein thrombosis; PE = pulmonary embolism.