Table 3.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes: Observed Data and Univariate Assessmenta
| All Patients | ICU Patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogen or Characteristic | No. (%) | Mortality, No. (%) | Hospital LOS, Mean (SD), d | No. | LOS, Mean (SD), d |
| All | 39 203 (100) | 3051 (7.8) | 10.2 (10.0) | 11 221 | 7.7 (9.3) |
| Age group, y | |||||
| <56 (Q1) | 9984 (25.5) | 568 (5.7) | 11.0 (11.5) | 2888 | 9.0 (10.9) |
| 56–68 (median) | 9822 (25.1) | 824 (8.4) | 11.2 (10.8) | 3271 | 8.3 (9.8) |
| 68–79 (Q3) | 10 149 (25.9) | 893 (8.8) | 10.2 (9.3) | 3016 | 7.1 (8.3) |
| >79 | 9248 (23.6) | 766 (8.3) | 8.4 (7.5) | 2046 | 5.5 (6.6) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 21 072 (53.8) | 1403 (6.7) | 9.4 (9.4) | 5494 | 6.8 (8.5) |
| Male | 18 131 (46.3) | 1648 (9.1) | 11.2 (10.6) | 5727 | 8.5 (10.0) |
| ICU and/or ventilator criteria met | 11 679 (29.8) | 2395 (20.5) | 16.0 (13.5) | 11 221 | 7.7 (9.3) |
| Comorbidity | |||||
| Liver dysfunction | 18 221 (46.5) | 2359 (13.0) | 12.5 (11.6) | 6979 | 9.0 (10.4) |
| Diabetes | 16 960 (43.3) | 1944 (11.5) | 12.3 (11.6) | 6203 | 8.9 (10.2) |
| Heart failure or myocardial inflammation | 13 898 (35.5) | 2039 (14.7) | 12.3 (11.5) | 6102 | 8.3 (9.5) |
| Sepsis | 12 838 (32.8) | 1981 (15.4) | 12.3 (12.0) | 5928 | 8.3 (9.7) |
| Renal insufficiency or failure | 11 145 (28.4) | 1860 (16.7) | 13.3 (12.1) | 4857 | 8.8 (10.3) |
| Cytokine stimulation | 6959 (17.8) | 1208 (17.4) | 14.9 (13.8) | 3040 | 11.0 (11.7) |
| Presence of any of the 6 specified comorbidities | |||||
| Yes | 32 818 (83.7) | 2976 (9.1) | 11.0 (10.5) | 10 492 | 7.9 (9.5) |
| No | 6385 (16.3) | 75 (1.2) | 6.5 (5.7) | 729 | 4.5 (5.7) |
| SARS-CoV-2 test result | |||||
| Positive | 3674 (9.4) | 942 (25.6) | 16.3 (15.0) | 1590 | 14.4 (13.8) |
| Negative | 35 529 (90.6) | 2109 (5.9) | 9.6 (9.1) | 9631 | 6.5 (7.8) |
| Bacteria | |||||
| Gram-positive | 10 039 (25.6) | 898 (9.0) | 11.0 (9.3) | 3021 | 7.3 (8.2) |
| Gram-negative | 29 164 (74.4) | 2153 (7.4) | 10.0 (10.3) | 8200 | 7.8 (9.7) |
| Polymicrobial findings | |||||
| Yes | 7606 (19.4) | 815 (10.7) | 14.1 (13.5) | 2853 | 10.0 (11.4) |
| No | 31 597 (80.6) | 2 236 (7.1) | 9.3 (8.8) | 8368 | 6.9 (8.3) |
| Bacteria source | |||||
| Respiratory | 5620 (14.3) | 1370 (24.4) | 17.4 (14.9) | 3821 | 12.5 (11.7) |
| Nonrespiratory | 33 583 (85.7) | 1681 (5.0) | 9.0 (8.4) | 7400 | 5.1 (6.5) |
| Positive Candida albicans test | |||||
| Yes | 829 (2.1) | 163 (19.7) | 22.3 (17.3) | 434 | 13.7 (13.6) |
| No | 38 374 (97.9) | 2888 (7.5) | 10.0 (9.6) | 10 787 | 7.4 (9.0) |
Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; Q, quartile; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
a P < .001 for mortality, LOS, and ICU LOS for each characteristic except for gram-positive vs gram-negative bacteria (P < .001 for mortality and hospital LOS; P = .62 for ICU LOS).