Figure 10.

A computational model of SiNP-induced autophagy through the upregulation of the CDK7-CDK4 signaling axis. After SiNPs internalized by endocytosis, multiple cellular stresses, including DNA damage, ER stress, and ROS, were triggered to facilitate CDK7 or CDK4 activation synergistically. The activation of the CDK7-CDK4 cascade might potentiate SiNP-induced autophagy through phosphorylating RB1, activating of E2F1 and FOXO3, and enhancing mRNA expression levels of a number of Atg genes and autophagy regulators