Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author, year | Country, setting | Study design | Population | Sample size (n) | Comorbidity | Day of presentation (days) | Diagnosis of dengue | Quality score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SD | DF | SD | DF | SD | DF | ||||||
| Adam et al. 2018 | Indonesia, hospital | Retrospective descriptive-analytic study | Children | 28 | 112 | NR | NR | 4–5 | 4–5 | Serology | 4 |
| Agarwal et al. 2018 | India, hospital | Retrospective study | Children | 52 | 136 | NR | NR | NR | NR | ELISA | 4 |
| Alvarado-Castro et al. 2016 | Mexico, hospital | Retrospective case series study | Children | 56 | 77 | NR | NR | 5 | 4.6 | Clinical diagnosis | 5 |
| Andries et al. 2016 | Cambodia, hospital | Case-control study | Children | 22 | 24 (without WS) 62 (with WS) |
NR | NR | 4 | 2 (without WS) 4 (with WS) |
Serology, PCR, HIA | 8 |
| Athira et al. 2018 | India, hospital | Retrospective cross-sectional study | Children | 11 | 7 (without WS) 16 (with WS) |
NR | NR | NR | NR | ELISA | 4 |
| Aung et al. 2013 | Thailand, hospital | Retrospective study | Adult | 90 | 193 | 25.6% | 20.2% | 4 | 4 | PCR, Serology | 5 |
| Bhaskar et al. 2015 | India, hospital | Retrospective study | Adult | 128 | 510 | 13% | 13% | NR | NR | ELISA | 6 |
| Carrasco et al., 2014 | Singapore, hospital | Retrospective cohort study | Adult | 96 | 500 | 21% | 19% | 3.9 | 4.3 | PCR, Serology | 6 |
| de Cavalcanti et al. 2013 | Brazil, hospital | Retrospective cross- sectional study | Both | 52 | 4 (without WS) 28 (with WS) |
NR | NR | NR | NR | ELISA, PCR, Viral isolation | 5 |
| Giraldo et al. 2011 | Brazil, hospital | Retrospective cohort study | Children | 30 | 151 | 23.3% | 29.1% | NR | NR | Clinical diagnosis, Serology | 7 |
| Hoffmeister et al. 2015 | Germany, hospital | Retrospective study | Adult | 6 | 30 (without WS) 11 (with WS) |
0% | 23% (without WS) 18.1% (with WS) |
NR | NR | ELISA, PCR, Serology | 4 |
| Jayaratne et al. 2012 | Sri Lanka, hospital | Prospective study | Adult | 40 | 144 | NR | NR | NR | NR | ELISA, PCR | 6 |
| Kumar et al. 2014 | Spain, hospital | Prospective study | Children | 20 | 95 | Exclude other febrile illness | 3.5 | 3 | ELISA | 5 | |
| Lee et al. 2016 | Taiwan, hospital | Retrospective study | Adult | 37 (≤4 days) 18 (> 4days) |
593 (≤4 days) 415 (> 4days) |
54.5% | 24.3% | 5 | 3 | PCR, Serology | 5 |
| Lin et al. 2016 | China, hospital | Prospective study | Adult | 8 | 130 | NR | NR | NR | NR | ELISA, PCR | 6 |
| Macedo et al. 2014 | Brazil, hospital | Retrospective study | Children | 107 | 18 (without WS) 142 (with WS) |
NR | NR | 4 | 5 (without WS) 5 (with WS) |
PCR, Serology | 6 |
| Michels et al. 2013 | Indonesia, hospital | Prospective observational study | Adult | 11 | 55 | Exclude concurrent chronic disease and pregnancy | NR | NR | PCR, Serology | 5 | |
| Nguyen et al. 2017 | Vietnam, hospital | Prospective study | Children | 117 | 1943 | NR | NR | NR | NR | ELISA, PCR, Serology | 7 |
| Pereira et al. 2018 | India, hospital | Retrospective study | Adult | 101 | 449 | Exclude concomitant febrile illness | NR | NR | ELISA, Serology | 5 | |
| Phakhounthong et al. 2018 | Cambodia, hospital | Retrospective study | Children | 38 | 160 | Exclude acquired healthcare associated infection | 4.1 | 4.3 | ELISA | 5 | |
| Pozo-Aguilar et al. 2014 | Mexico, hospital | Prospective cross-sectional study | Both | 115 109 |
374 380 |
NR | NR | NR | NR | ELISA, PCR, Serology | 7 |
| Prasad et al. 2013 | India, hospital | Prospective study | Children | 45 | 10 | NR | NR | NR | NR | ELISA, PCR | 6 |
| Ramabhatta et al. 20 17 | India, hospital | Prospective cross-sectional study | Children | 194 | 66 (without WS) 308 (with WS) |
NR | NR | NR | NR | Serology | 6 |
| Rathakrishnan et al. 2014 | Malaysia, hospital | Prospective descriptive study | Adult | 5 | 64 (without WS) 388 (with WS) |
NR | NR | 5 | 5 | ELISA, PCR, HIA | 6 |
| Roy et al. 2013 | India, hospital | Prospective study | Children | 73 | 15 (without WS) 32 (with WS) |
Exclude concomitant infections and liver disease | NR | NR | ELISA | 5 | |
| Sahana et al. 2014 | India, hospital | Prospective observational study | Children | 20 | 39 (without WS) 22 (with WS) |
NR | NR | 4.6 | 4.6 | Serology | 6 |
| Singh et al. 2015 | India, hospital | Prospective study | Children | 17 | 7 (without WS) 48 (with WS) |
Exclude other infections | NR | NR | ELISA, Serology | 3 | |
| Soundravally et al. 2015 | India, medical education and research institute | Nested case-control study | Both | 20 | 13 (without WS) 15 (without WS) |
Exclude known cases | NR | NR | ELISA, PCR | 5 | |
| Sreenivasan et al. 2018 | India, tertiary care center | Prospective analytical study | Children | 93 | 266 | Exclude co-infections and co-morbidities | 5 | 5 | ELISA | 6 | |
| Tai et al. 2017 | Australia, healthcare networks | Retrospective case series study | Both | 1 | 123 (without WS) 84 (with WS) |
100% | 7.3% (without WS) 13.1% (with WS) |
4 | 4.5 (without WS) 4 (with WS) |
PCR, Serology | 5 |
| Tamibmaniam et al. 2016 | Malaysia, hospital | Retrospective study | Both | 59 | 657 | 22% | 22% | 5 | 5 | Not reported | 4 |
| Temprasertrudee et al. 2018 | Thailand, hospital | Retrospective cohort study | Adult | 38 | 319 | 21.1% | 14.1% | 4 | 3 | Serology | 5 |
| Thanachartwet et al. 2015 | Thailand, hospital | Prospective study | Adult | 216 | 132 | Exclude mixed infection and underlying medical illness | NR | NR | ELISA, PCR | 6 | |
| Thanachartwet et al. 2016 | Thailand, hospital | Prospective observational study | Adult | 20 | 105 | Exclude mixed infection, underlying medical illness and pregnancy | 5 | 4 | ELISA, PCR | 6 | |
| Thein et al. 2013 | Singapore, hospital | Retrospective study | Both | 65 | 248 | NR | NR | 4 | 4 | PCR | 4 |
| Tsai et al. 2013 | Taiwan, hospital | Retrospective study | Both | 7 | 64 77 |
71.4% | 6.3% (without WS) 49.4% (with WS) |
4.4 | 3.8 (without WS) 3.6 (with WS) |
PCR, Serology, HIA | 4 |
| Van de Weg et al. 2012 | Indonesia, hospital | Prospective study | Children | 104 | 69 | NR | NR | 4 | 3 | PCR, Serology | 6 |
| Wakimoto et al. 2017 | Brazil, hospital | Retrospective case-control study | Children | 69 | 164 | NR | NR | NR | NR | ELISA | 7 |
| Zhang et al. 2017 | China, hospital | Retrospective study | Adult | 38 | 174 | Exclude chronic medical illness | NR | NR | Serology, Viral isolation, Nucleotide detection | 4 | |
Notes: DF = Dengue fever; SD = Severe dengue; ELISA = Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PCR = Polymerase chain reaction; HIA = Hemagglutination inhibition assay; NR = Not reported; WS = Warning signs; Day of presentation = day of illness or fever prior to admission/first contact with health services