Table 1.

Probable miRNAs regulation in terpenoid biosynthesis with target gene and their functions

MicroRNAs	Targets	Functions	Ref.
miR-164a-d miR-528 miR-319e miR-159	4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl-diphosphate synthase.	It is essential for chloroplast development and required for the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated disease resistance to biotrophic pathogen.	64
miR-9662a-p miR-894	Heptaprenyl diphosphate synthase	Supplies heptaprenyl diphosphate, the precursor for the side chain of the isoprenoid quinone menaquinone	48,58,65
miR-319a miR-166 J miR-156 g miR156m miR-156e	Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase and SPL transcription factor	Accumulation of anthocyanins, whereas reduced miR156 activity results in high levels of flavonols	48,55,66
miR-171a-3p	Phosphomevalonate kinase	Transfers a chemical group, e.g., a methyl group, to another compound (acceptor) and catalyzes phosphate transfer to a second substrate.	48,58
miR-172d-3p	1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase	A limiting enzyme for plastidic isoprenoid biosynthesis and essential for chloroplast development.	48,58,67
miR-172 c	Farnesyl diphosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase	Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase activity. The enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of GGPP from farnesyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate.	48,55,68
miR-167 g-5p miR-167 c miR-167 f-5p	Isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase	It is involved in the pathway chlorophyll biosynthesis, which is part of Porphyrin-containing metabolism compounds.	48,55,69
miR-167 c miR-159 c	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase	Condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase	61,70
miR-396-3p miR-894 miR-9662a miR-159 miR-172 c	Farnesyl-diphosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase	Flavonoid biosynthesis	55
miR396-3p miR-894	Trans-nonaprenyl-diphosphate synthase	Flavonoid biosynthesis	55