Figure 13.

Activating autophagy with Tat-Beclin 1 prevents cell death from OGD in R28 retinal neurons in vitro. (A) Representative flow cytometry histograms, showing that OGD decreased proliferation and Tat-Beclin 1 restored proliferation in cells subjected to OGD. (B) Western blotting indicating the increase in LC3-II and decrease in SQSTM1 in cultures subjected to OGD and treated with Tat-Beclin 1, whereas there was minimal effect in normoxic cultures. (C and D). Bar graphs showing R28 cell proliferation and cell death in groups treated with Tat-Beclin 1 and subjected to OGD. Tat-Beclin 1 robustly attenuated the decreased proliferation (C) and cell death (D) from OGD. mean ± SEM; n = 4 per treatment. * = P < 0.05 normoxic vs OGD; # = P < 0.05 OGD vs OGD +Tat-Beclin 1