Fig. 1.

The scope and focus of this article. The pathogens caused by infection will enter the blood and excessively accumulate in the lesion foci, causing massive inflammation and releasing RONS through activation of the innate immune system. This will lead to blood vessel leakage and further organ dysfunction, and even death. Therefore, blocking activation of the immune system and eliminating the inflammation and RONS is extremely important in treating sepsis. Nanomaterials provide a breakthrough for the treatment of sepsis and can be divided into the following categories: blockade of PRR signaling pathways, nanomaterials for RONS elimination, nanomaterials for eliminating inflammation, and multifunctional nanomedicine.