Table 2.
Pre-COVID-19 demographics with descriptive analyses between groups.
| N (%) for both groups | N (%) of CHD infants | N (%) of HC infants | Statistical test | Statistical value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neonatal time point | |||||
| Group Healthy Controls (HC) Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) |
19 (39.6) 29 (60.4) |
||||
| Sex Male Female Missing |
20 (41.7) 25 (52.1) 3 (6.3) |
8 (30.8) 18 (69.2) 0 (0.0) |
12 (63.2) 7 (36.8) 0 (0.0) |
Pearson's χ2 test | χ2 = 4.66⁎ |
| Ethnicity Caucasian Hispanic/Latino Asian/Pacific Islander African American Other Missing |
7 (14.6) 31 (64.6) 2 (4.2) 2 (4.2) 3 (6.3) 3 (6.3) |
3 (11.5) 20 (76.9) 2 (7.7) 1 (3.8) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) |
4 (21.1) 11 (57.9) 0 (0.0) 1 (5.3) 3 (15.8) 0 (0.0) |
Fisher's Exact test | χ2 = 6.27 |
| Gestational age at exam (weeks), Mean (±SD)a | 40.7 (±0.5) | 40.5 (±0.3) | 41.1 (±0.4) | T-test | t = 5.76⁎⁎ |
| 3-month time point | |||||
| Group HC CHD |
21 (47.7) 23 (52.3) |
||||
| Sex Male Female |
23 (52.3) 21 (47.7) |
12 (52.2) 11 (47.8) |
11 (52.4) 10 (47.6) |
Pearson's χ2 test | χ2 < 0.01⁎⁎ |
| Ethnicity Caucasian Latino Asian/Pacific Islander Other Missing |
5 (11.4) 30 (68.2) 4 (9.1) 1 (2.3) 4 (9.1) |
1 (4.3) 18 (78.3) 2 (8.7) 1 (4.3) 1 (4.3) |
4 (19.0) 12 (57.1) 2 (9.5) 0 (0.0) 3 (14.3) |
Fisher's Exact test | χ2 = 4.74 |
| 6-month time point | |||||
| Group HC CHD |
16 (40.0) 24 (60.0) |
||||
| Sex Male Female |
17 (42.5) 23 (57.5) |
11 (45.8) 13 (54.2) |
6 (37.5) 10 (62.5) |
Pearson's χ2 test | χ2 = 0.27 |
| Ethnicity Caucasian Latino Asian/Pacific Islander African American Other |
4 (10.0) 27 (67.5) 3 (7.5) 3 (7.5) 3 (7.5) |
2 (8.3) 18 (75.0) 1 (4.2) 2 (8.3) 1 (4.2) |
2 (12.5) 9 (56.3) 2 (12.5) 1 (6.3) 2 (12.5) |
Fisher's Exact test | χ2 = 2.90 |
| 9-month time point | |||||
| Group HC CHD |
10 (33.3) 20 (66.7) |
||||
| Sex Male Female |
11 (36.7) 19 (63.3) |
8 (40.0) 12 (60.0) |
3 (30.0) 7 (70.0) |
Fisher's Exact test | χ2 = 0.29 |
| Ethnicity Caucasian Latino Asian/Pacific Islander African American Other |
3 (10.0) 22 (73.3) 0 (0.0) 3 (10.0) 2 (6.7) |
2 (10.0) 16 (80.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (10.0) 0 (0.0) |
1 (10.0) 6 (60.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (10.0) 2 (20.0) |
Fisher's Exact test | χ2 = 4.02 |
⁎p < 0.05. **p < 0.01.
a
Gestational age at exam is expressed as mean (±SD), while all other variables are expressed as n (%).