Table 1.
Characteristics of Sample.
| Variable Maternal characteristics | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Participant age | |
| 18-24 | 132 (14.9%) |
| 25-29 | 282 (31.9%) |
| 30-34 | 313 (35.4%) |
| 35-39 | 133 (15.1%) |
| ≥40 | 24 (2.7%) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| White, not Hispanic | 750 (84.8%) |
| Asian | 26 (2.9%) |
| Hispanic | 81 (9.2%) |
| Black, not Hispanic | 12 (1.4%) |
| Other | 16 (1.8%) |
| Marital status | |
| Single | 40 (4.5%) |
| Married | 729 (82.3%) |
| Committed | 110 (12.4%) |
| Divorced/separated/widow | 6 (0.7%) |
| Highest school grade completed | |
| At least some high school | 11 (1.2%) |
| High school graduate/GED | 102 (11.5%) |
| Vocational/technical | 28 (3.2%) |
| Associate | 173 (19.6%) |
| Bachelor’s degree | 293 (33.1%) |
| Advanced degree | 270 (30.5%) |
| Other | 8 (0.9%) |
| Employment status at delivery | |
| Full time | 544 (61.5%) |
| Part time | 79 (8.9%) |
| Other employed | 69 (7.8%) |
| Unemployed | 177 (20.0%) |
| Other | 16 (1.8%) |
| Living situation | |
| Own home | 529 (59.8%) |
| Rent home | 258 (29.2%) |
| Live in family housing | 91 (10.3%) |
| Other | 7 (0.8%) |
| Household income (yearly, USD) | |
| <$30 000 | 108 (9.3%) |
| $30 001-$50 000 | 129 (14.6%) |
| $50 001-$70 000 | 145 (16.4%) |
| $70 001-$100 000 | 219 (24.8%) |
| >$100 000 | 284 (32.1%) |
| Parity | |
| Nulliparous | 392 (44.3%) |
| Multiparous | 493 (55.7%) |
| Variables related to patient experience | |
| Length of hospital stay after delivery | |
| <24 hours | 42 (4.8%) |
| 24-48 hours | 570 (64.5%) |
| >48 hours | 272 (30.8%) |
| Neonate status | |
| Stillbirth | 6 (0.7%) |
| Live birth | 879 (99.3%) |
| Self-reported health conditions | |
| Asthma | 53 (6.0%) |
| Diabetes | 78 (8.8%) |
| High blood pressure | 199 (22.5%) |
| Preeclampsia | 72 (8.1%) |
| Hemorrhage | 36 (4.1%) |
| Shoulder dystocia | 12 (1.4%) |
| Depression | 165 (18.6%) |
| Anxiety | 299 (33.8%) |
| Other | 63 (7.1%) |
| Birth partner | |
| None | 22 (2.5%) |
| Present at birth | 862 (97.5%) |
| Desired social support at birth | |
| Inadequate | 540 (61.0%) |
| Adequate | 345 (39.0%) |
| Newborn-mother separation after delivery | |
| No | 731 (82.6%) |
| Yes | 154 (17.4%) |
| Newborn in room during hospital stay | |
| No | 95 (10.8%) |
| Yes | 788 (89.2%) |
| Skin-to-skin contact after birth | |
| No | 138 (15.6%) |
| Yes | 747 (84.4%) |
| Felt safe in hospital during COVID-19 pandemic | |
| No | 181 (20.5%) |
| Yes | 701 (79.5%) |
| Breastfed newborn | |
| No | 98 (11.1%) |
| Yes | 787 (88.9%) |
| Given breastfeeding support within 1 hour of birth | |
| No | 200 (25.5%) |
| Yes | 586 (74.6%) |
| Length of breastfeeding | |
| Less than 6 weeks | 144 (25.7%) |
| Six weeks or more | 417 (74.3%) |
| NICU stay | |
| No | 751 (84.9%) |
| Yes | 134 (15.1%) |
Abbreviation: NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.