Figure 1. The complex interplay between genotype, phenotype and the environment.

(A) The environment of an organism influences its phenotype through natural selection, and its genome, which adapts to distinct environments. The mechanisms by which genetic differences translate into phenotypic variation are mediated by the ‘in-between-ome’. This consists of the transcriptome and the proteome, which are indirectly affected by the environment (shown in grey), and the metabolome, which is directly influenced by the environment (shown in black). (B) Map of Europe showing dots in different colors representing lines of A. thaliana with different glucosinolate profiles (GSL), also known as chemotypes. These chemotypes change depending on the environment, with plants from similar environments exhibiting similar chemotypes.