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. 2018 Nov 18;22(2):172–179. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty249

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© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Figure 1. — Nicotine lowers the brain reward thresholds and response latencies of adult, adolescent, and late adolescent male and female rats. Figures depict the effect of nicotine on the reward thresholds and response latencies of the adult rats (A, B), adolescent rats (C, D), and late adolescent rats (E, F). Asterisks indicate a decrease in the reward thresholds and response latencies compared to rats of the same age or sex treated with vehicle. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001. Data are expressed as means ± SEM.