Table 2.

VFSS measures at baseline for 5 ml mode swallow. Data are number (%) or mean (SD); comparison by Chi-Square (Exact) Test/Fisher's Exact Test or Welch's T-Test.

5 ml measures-mode swallow	N	All	PES	Sham
PAS, modal bolus	72	4.4 (2.9)	4.3 (3.1) [38]	4.5 (2.6) [34]
PAS, mean all boli	72	4.5 (1.8)	4.4 (1.9) [38]	4.7 (1.7) [34]
OTT (ms)	40	2.14 (3.39)	2.65 (4.14) [25]	1.30 (1.16) [15]
SRT	62	2.07 (6.55)	2.32 (8.53) [33]	1.77 (3.20) [29]
ILC	56	2.55 (6.87)	2.91 (9.08) [29]	2.16 (3.29) [27]
LVC_rt	57	0.38 (0.15)	0.39 (0.17) [29]	0.38 (0.12) [28]
LCD	56	0.44 (0.21)	0.50 (0.25) [28]	0.39 (0.13) [28]∗
PRT	36	0.86 (0.12)	0.89 (0.13) [20]	0.82 (0.10) [16]
PTT	37	3.73 (8.36)	4.29 (10.88) [20]	3.06 (3.96) [17]
UOSD	38	0.62 (0.16)	0.65 (0.17) [20]	0.59 (0.13) [18]
Initiation of pharyngeal swallow (0-4)	69		37	32
Bolus head-ramus		10 (14.5)	5 (13.5)	5 (15.6)
Bolus head-valleculae		12 (17.4)	10 (27.0)	2 (6.3)
Bolus head-laryngeal surface		8 (11.6)	2 (5.4)	6 (18.8)
Bolus head-pyriforms		39 (56.5)	20 (54.1)	19 (59.4)
No visible initiation		0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Oral residue (0-4)	56		28	28
Complete clearance		0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Trace residue		12 (21.4)	9 (32.1)	3 (10.7)
Residue collection		42 (75.0)	18 (64.3)	24 (85.7)
Majority bolus remaining		1 (1.8)	1 (3.6)	0 (0)
Minimal/no clearance		1 (1.8)	0 (0)	1 (3.6)
Pharyngeal residue (0-4)	63		34	29
Complete clearance		4 (6.3)	3 (8.8)	1 (3.4)
Trace residue		19 (30.2)	11 (32.4)	8 (27.6)
Residue collection		39 (61.9)	19 (55.9)	20 (69.0)
Majority bolus remaining		0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Minimal/no clearance		1 (1.6)	1 (2.9)	0 (0)
No. of swallows to clear 5 ml	72	1.1 (1.1)	1.3 (1.1) [38]	0.8 (1.0) [34]∗

LCD was shorter in the sham group (P = 0.039), and fewer clearing swallows were seen in the sham group (P = 0.048).