Table 2.
Survey of fungal biosurfactants production parameters found in the literature
| Producer microorganism | Substrates (C/N) | Working volume (L) | Mixing (rpm) | Aeration (vvm) | pH/temperature (°C) | Volumetric productivity (gL−1 h−1) | Maximum yield (gL−1) | Surface tension (mNm−1) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Candida lipolytica | Animal fat (5%) and corn-steep liquor (2.5%) | 50.0 | 200 | ND | 5.3/28 | 0.30 | 40.00 | 25.00 | [136] |
| Candida tropicalis UCP0996 | Frying oil (2.5%), corn liquor (2.5%) and cane molasses (2.5%) | 25.0 | 200 | 1.0 | 5.5/28 | 0.06 | 7.36 | 27.48 | [232] |
| Candida sphaerica | Ground-nut oil refinery residue (9%) and corn-steep liquor (9%) | 20.0 | 150 | ND | 5.3/27 | 0.15 | 21.00 | 27.00 | [22] |
| Candida antarctica | Soybean oil (80 gL−1) and yeast extract (1 gL−1) | 2.0 | 200 | 1.0 | ND | 0.19 | 28.00 | 35.00 | [217] |
| Starmerella bombicola | Glucose (10%), sunflower acid oil (10%), yeast extract (4 gL−1) and urea (1 gL−1) | 2.0 | 550 | 1.0 | 3.5/30 | 0.27 | 51.50 | 35.50 | [59] |
| Starmerella bombicola | Glucose (100 gL−1) and corn-steep liquor (10 gL−1) | 2.5 | 800 | 1.0 | 3.9/25 | 1.55 | 342.00 | ND | [250] |
| Pseudozyma tsukubaensis | Cassava wastewater | 3.0 | 100/150 | 0.4 and 0.8 | ND | 0.02 | 1.26 | 26.00 | [28] |
| Rhodotorula paludigena | Glucose (150 gL−1) and yeast extract (1.5 gL−1) | 4.0 | ND | 1.0 | 6.5/27 | 0.12 | 20.90 | ND | [223] |
| Aureobasidium pullulans | Sucrose (50 gL−1), peptone (0.6 gL−1) and yeast extract (0.4 gL−1) | 0.7 | 300–1200 | 0.5 | 6.5–3.5/30 | 0.09 | 15.00 | ND | [252] |
| Cultivation of filamentous fungi in shake flasks | |||||||||
| Rhizopus arrhizus | Crude glycerol (3%) and corn-steep liquor (5%) | 150 | ND | 5.5/28 | 0.02 | 1.74 | 28.80 | [192] | |
| Fusarium sp. BS-8 | Sucrose (40 gL−1) and yeast extract (0.8 gL−1) | 150 | ND | 7.0/30 | 0.01 | 2.43 | ND | [47] | |
| Mucor hiemalis | Soybean oil waste (5%); sodium glutamate (1%) | 150 | ND | ND/28 | 0.08 | 7.73 | 32.00 | [208] | |
| Aspergillus niger |
Banana stalk powder (5.75 g), yeast extract (1 gL−1) and peptone (3 gL−1) |
ND | ND | 7.0/35 | 0.03 | 5.50 | ND | [27] | |
| Cunninghamella echinulata | Soybean oil waste (2%) and corn-steep liquor (8%) | 150 | ND | 5.5/28 | 0.04 | 5.18 | 31.70 | [251] | |