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. 2021 May 15;13(5):3942–3953.

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Mechanism of preventing DN progression mediated by MSC-exos. MSC-exos with miR-let7 and miR-215-5p can inhibit the deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by downregulating the TGF-β signaling pathway and Zinc finger E box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2); MSC-exos with miR-486 and microRNA-26a-5p can repress the apoptosis of podocytes through autophagy activation and the downregulation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway; in addition, they can repress proinflammatory cytokine and profibrotic factor levels to prevent early diabetic nephropathy (DN).