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. 2021 May 18;27(6):1071–1078. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01370-1

Fig. 4. Cellular immune response to CoVLP alone or with adjuvants.

Fig. 4

Frequencies of S protein-specific production of IFN-γ (a) or IL-4 (b) at baseline (Day 0) and 21 d after the first (Day 21) or second (Day 42) vaccine dose with 3.75-µg, 7.5-µg or 15-µg doses of CoVLP with or without adjuvants (CpG1018 and AS03). PBMCs were stimulated ex vivo with a peptide pool covering the entire S protein (15-mers with 11-amino acid overlap). Bars and numbers in the figure indicate group medians, and error bars indicate 95% CI. The median pre-vaccination values in both assays across all groups was 0. Significant differences between Day 0 and Day 21 or between Day 0 and Day 42 for each vaccine regimen are indicated by a hashtag (#P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001, ####P < 0.0001; unpaired two-sided t-test; the figure illustrates matched subject data, GraphPad Prism v8.1.1). Significant differences among adjuvanted vaccine and unadjuvanted vaccine regimens at Day 21 and Day 42 are indicated by an asterisk (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001; Kruskal–Wallis test, GraphPad Prism v8.1.1). SPC, spot-forming cell.